% de.sty 1999
% 4.75 text, 1.75 marginpar, 0.25 marginparsep,
% Biographical sketch: 2.75" by 6.75" /w 1.75" figure
% Figure notes in marginpar are ragged right
% Figure captions are justified paragraph format, \small
% Exercises: full width 6.75 double column format
% Examples: framed, 6.75", double column format
% Historical note: marginpar 1.75" with text in caption below.
% Computer note: marginpar 1.75" framed with annotations below.
% Review problems: 6.75" double column format at end of chapter
% Essay: framed page /w marginpar advertisement at end of section
%
\makeatletter
\newdimen\DEtrash % used below as trash dimension
%\newcommand{\regularsize}{%
%   \@setfontsize\regularsize\@xpt\@xiipt
%   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
%   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
%   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
%   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
%   \let\@listi\@listI}
%\renewcommand{\normalsize}{%
%   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xipt{12}
%   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
%   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
%   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
%   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
%   \let\@listi\@listI}
\def\regularsize{\small}
\normalsize

%%
%%  | <== 1.375" ==> | <== 6.75" ==> | <== 3/8" ==> |
%%
\setlength{\textheight}{8.5in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{4.75in}
\setlength{\parskip}{4pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\topmargin}{0in}

%\newdimen\leftmarginwidth % value of evensidemargin, set below.
%\newdimen\fullwidth % = \textwidth + \leftmarginwidth
%\setlength{\fullwidth}{\textwidth}
%\setlength{\leftmarginwidth}{\fullwidth}
%\addtolength{\leftmarginwidth}{-\textwidth}
%\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.375in}% 3/8"
%\setlength{\evensidemargin}{1.375in}% 2 + 5/8"
%\setlength{\marginparwidth}{\leftmarginwidth }
%\setlength{\marginparsep}{2em}
%\addtolength{\marginparwidth}{-\marginparsep}

%
%\newcounter{TMPc}
%\def\ROMAN#1{\setcounter{TMPc}{#1}\Roman{TMPc}}
\def\reset{\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\def\erf{\mathop{\rm erf}\nolimits}
\def\erfc{\mathop{\rm erfc}\nolimits}
\def\df{\bfseries}
\def\hf{\large\bf}
\def\lf{\normalsize\sf\mdseries}
\def\ef{\normalsize\bf}
\def\tf{\large\sf\bfseries}
\def\dd{\displaystyle}
% want equations referenced as "(1.2.3)" not "1.2.3"
\def\eq#1{(\ref{(\thesection.#1)})}
\def\rf#1{(\ref{#1})}
\def\rfextern#1#2{\arabic{chapter}.#1(\ref{#2})}
\def\rfsection#1{Section #1}
\def\rfChapterSection#1#2{Section #1.#2}
\newcommand{\rfchapter}[1]{Chapter #1}
\newcommand{\rfAppendix}[1]{Appendix #1}
% number figures and tables: section.subsection.counter
%\def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}.\arabic{equation}}
%\def\thefigure{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}.\arabic{figure}}
%\def\thetable{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}.\arabic{table}}
\def\theproblem{}
\newenvironment{exercises}{%
\begin{list}{}{\parskip=0.1ex plus 0.1ex minus 0.1ex
\settowidth{\labelwidth}{999}
\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}
\sloppy}}{\end{list}}
\newcounter{prob}
\def\prob#1#2{\addtocounter{prob}{1}\item[{\small\bf ~\theprob.}] {\footnotesize\bf #2}}
%\long\def\SOL#1#2{}
\long\def\SOL#1#2{\par {\bf Solution to #1} #2}%
\def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
\def\thefigure{\arabic{figure}}
\def\thetable{\arabic{table}}
\renewcommand{\thepage}{\arabic{page}}
\def\labelprob#1{\addtocounter{prob}{-1}\refstepcounter{prob}\label{#1}}
% fancyhea.sty
\newlength{\numWIDE}
\def\@fancynum#1{\settowidth{\numWIDE}{#1}%
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}} \rule[14pt]{\numWIDE}{0.06in}\\[-18pt] #1\\
\rule[14pt]{\numWIDE}{0.06in} \end{tabular}}
\def\fancynum{\relax}
%
%\def\Paragraph#1{\paragraph{#1.}}
\newcommand{\Paragraph}[2][.]{\paragraph{#2.}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{\protect\numberline{}{{\small
\mbox{}\hspace{2ex}$\bullet$~#2}}}
\ifx#1.\XX{\thesectiontitle!#2}\XX{#2}\else\XX{#1}\fi
}
%\def\SolParagraph#1{\BF{#1}.}

\def\thesubsection{\relax}
\def\thesubsubsection{\relax}

% See also the package "titlesec" distributed with LaTeX2e.
%\def\section{\setcounter{prob}{0}\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
%{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\normalfont\LARGE\bfseries}}
%\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
%{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalfont\Large\bfseries}}
%\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
%{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
%\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
%{3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}{-1em}{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\chapter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
                    \thispagestyle{plain}%
                    \global\@topnum\z@
                    \@afterindentfalse
                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
\renewcommand\section{\setcounter{prob}{0}\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
                                   {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
                                   {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
                                   {\normalfont\LARGE\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
                                     {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                     {\normalfont\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
                                     {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                     {\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
                                    {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
                                    {-1em}%
                                    {\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
                                       {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
                                       {-1em}%
                                      {\normalfont\large\bfseries}}

\newif\ifinputpicture
\newcommand{\inputpicture}[1]%
{\ifinputpicture \input{#1} \else \input{pic/square.pic} \fi }
%
% Use \inputpicture{#1} to input pictures, then control whether that
% happens or not by saying \inputpicturetrue or \inputpicturefalse
% in the preamble. Edit next two lines.

\inputpicturetrue       % This line enables pictex figures
%\inputpicturefalse      % This line disables pictex figures

\newcounter{figures}[chapter]
%\newcommand{\miniFigurePIC}[3]
%% #1=title
%% #2=pictex file name
%% #3=label to be used for figure
%{% begin command \miniFigurePIC
%\typeout{#3}%
%\vbox{
%    \centering
%    \refstepcounter{figures}%
%    \label{#3}%
%%    \inputpicture{pic/#2}%
%    \input{pic/square.pic}%
%    \par
%    {\regularsize\bf Figure \thefigures.~ #1}%
%}
%}% end of command \miniFigurePIC

\newsavebox{\EPSbox}
\newcommand{\miniFigureEPS}[3]
% #1=title
% #2=eps file name
% #3=label to be used for figure
{% begin command \miniFigureEPS
\typeout{#3}%
    \refstepcounter{figures}%
    \label{#3}%
    \sbox{\EPSbox}{\inputpicture{eps/#2.t}}
    \DEtrash=\textwidth
    \addtolength{\DEtrash}{-\wd\EPSbox}
    \addtolength{\DEtrash}{-2pc}
    \ifdim \DEtrash > 0.25\textwidth
    \usebox{\EPSbox}\hfill
    \raisebox{0.75ex}{%
    \parbox[b]{\DEtrash}{\regularsize\bf\raggedright Figure \thefigures.~ #1}%
    }
    \else
    \vbox{
    \centering
    \par\vspace{1ex}\usebox{\EPSbox}\par
    {\regularsize\bf Figure \thefigures.~ #1}%
    }
    \fi
}% end of command \miniFigureEPS
\newcommand{\probFigureEPS}[1]
% #1=eps file name
{% begin command \probFigureEPS
    \inputpicture{eps/#1.t}
    \hfill
}% end of command \probFigureEPS
\def\getepsfig#1{%
\begin{picture}(0,0)%
\includegraphics{eps/#1}%
\end{picture}%
\let\SetFigFont=\MYSetFigFont
%\let\SetFigFont=\undefined
}
% Choose FIGURE fonts globally. Don't let source files choose them.
%Usage: \SetFigFont{11}{13.2}{\familydefault}{\mddefault}{\updefault}
\gdef\MYSetFigFont#1#2#3#4#5{%
  \reset@font\fontsize{11}{13.2pt}%
  \fontfamily{#3}\fontseries{#4}\fontshape{#5}%
  \selectfont
  \ifnum #1=9\small\else \ifnum #1=14\large\else
  \ifnum #1=24\Large\else \ifnum #1>24\LARGE\else
  \normalsize\fi\fi\fi\fi
  \rm
}%
\let\SetFigFont=\MYSetFigFont
\newcounter{tables}[chapter]
\newcommand{\WideTable}[3]
% #1=title
% #2=label to be used for figure
% #3=table, usually a tabular environment
{%
  \typeout{#2}%
  \refstepcounter{tables}%
  \label{#2}%
  %\sbox{\EPSbox}{#3}
  \par\bigskip
  \vbox{%
    \noindent{\regularsize\bf Table \thetables.~ #1}%
    \par
    \parbox[t]{\textwidth}{
    \centering
    \rule{\textwidth}{2pt}
    \par
    #3%\usebox{\EPSbox}
    \par
    \rule{\textwidth}{2pt}
    }
  }
}%

\newcommand{\miniTable}[3]
% #1=title
% #2=label to be used for figure
% #3=table, usually a tabular environment
{%
    \typeout{#2}%
    \refstepcounter{tables}%
    \label{#2}%
    \sbox{\EPSbox}{#3}
    \DEtrash=\textwidth
    \addtolength{\DEtrash}{-\wd\EPSbox}
    \addtolength{\DEtrash}{-2pc}
    \ifdim \DEtrash > 1.8in
    \par\usebox{\EPSbox}\hfill
    \parbox[b]{\DEtrash}{\regularsize\bf\raggedright Table \thetables.~ #1}%
    \else
    \vbox{
    \centering
    \par\usebox{\EPSbox}
    \protect\par {\regularsize\bf Table \thetables.~ #1}%
    }
    \fi
}%

\def\@makechapterhead#1{ \vspace*{0pt} { \parindent 0pt \raggedright%
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
%\hspace{-\marginparwidth}\hspace{-\marginparsep}%
\huge\bf%
\let\fancynum\@fancynum
\fancynum{\@chapapp{} \thechapter} \par%
 \vskip 20pt \fi \Huge \bf #1\par%
 \nobreak \vskip 30pt } \let\fancynum\relax}

\def\@thesectiontitle{Preface}
\def\thesectiontitle{\@thesectiontitle}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
     \def\@svsec{}\else
     \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname\hskip 1em}\fi
     \@tempskipa #5\relax
      \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
        \begingroup #6\relax
          \fancynum{\csname the#1\endcsname} %\newline
          \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax}{\interlinepenalty\@M #8\par}%
        \endgroup{#6}%
       \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
         {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
                      \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
                    #7}\else
        \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax  %% \relax added 2 May 90
                   \@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
                      {#7}\addcontentsline
                           {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
                             \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
                       #7}}\fi
     \ifnum#2<2\gdef\thesectiontitle{#7}\fi%
     \@xsect{#5}}

%
% \begin{topics}{template} ... \end{topics}
% used like enumerate, itemize, description environments
% The item[] is never optional!
%
\newcommand{\topicslabel}[1]{#1\hfil}
\def\@topics#1#2{% #2=right column template
    \begin{list}{}{%
      \let\makelabel\topicslabel
      \parsep=0.1ex plus 0.1ex minus 0.1ex
      \parskip=0.1ex
% Compute size of left column labels from #1 template
      \settowidth{\labelwidth}{\topicslabel{#1}}%
      \setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
      \addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
% next line indents environment left by 2ex.
      \advance\leftmargin by 2ex\relax
% next line indents environment right by 2ex.
      \advance\rightmargin by 2ex\relax
% process right column template, which may be null.
      \settowidth{\itemindent}{#2}%% \itemindent=scratch register
      \ifdim\itemindent>\z@\relax
        \addtolength{\itemindent}{\leftmargin}%
        \addtolength{\itemindent}{\rightmargin}%
        \addtolength{\itemindent}{-\linewidth}%
        \ifdim \itemindent<\z@\relax
        \addtolength{\labelwidth}{-\itemindent}%
        \addtolength{\leftmargin}{-\itemindent}\fi
      \fi
      \itemindent=0ex% reset register
}
}
% required LaTeX2e argument #2=left column template
% optional LaTeX2e argument #1=right column template
\newenvironment{topics}[2][]{\@topics{#2}{#1}}{\leftmargin=0in\end{list}}
%
\long\def\TopicsRightBox#1{%
%\parbox[t]{\linewidth}{\sloppy #1}
\begin{minipage}[t]{\linewidth}{\sloppy #1}\end{minipage}\hfill
}
\long\def\TopicsLeftBox#1{%
\DEtrash=\labelwidth
\advance\DEtrash by -\labelsep
\begin{minipage}[t]{\DEtrash}{\sloppy #1}\end{minipage}\hfill
}
\long\def\setmatrix#1{\TopicsLeftBox{~\\[-\topskip] #1}}
\long\def\Writeup#1#2{%
\item[{\sf #1}]%
{\sf \TopicsRightBox{#2}}%
}
\def\Dparen#1{\left\Lparen #1\right\Rparen}
\def\Kk{{\cal K}}
\def\Ll{{\cal L}}
\def\PP{\mbox{\bf P}}
\def\QQ{{\cal Q}}
\def\Nn{{\cal N}}
\def\Rr{{\cal R}}
\def\Dd{{\cal D}}
\def\Ss{{\cal S}}
\def\CAS{\mbox{\tt CAS}}
\def\MM{\mbox{\sf\bfseries M}}
\def\NN{\mbox{\sf\bfseries N}}
\def\bigOH{\mbox{\sf\bfseries O}}
\def\RR{\mbox{\sf\bfseries R}}
\def\CCC{\mbox{\sf\bfseries C}}
\def\Re{\mathop{{\cal R}{\rm e}}\nolimits}
\def\Im{\mathop{{\cal I}{\rm m}}\nolimits}
\let\bar\overline
\def\.#1{{\bf #1}}
\def\Oplus{\,{\textstyle\bigoplus}\,}
\def\grad{\nabla}
\def\arctanh{\mathop{\mbox{\rm arctanh}}\nolimits}
\def\DIV{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries Div}}\nolimits}
\def\sqw{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries sqw}}\nolimits}
\def\trw{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries trw}}\nolimits}
\def\stair{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries stair}}\nolimits}
\def\floor{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries floor}}\nolimits}
\def\cof{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries cof}}\nolimits}
\def\minor{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries minor}}\nolimits}
\def\adj{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries adj}}\nolimits}
\def\diag{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries diag}}\nolimits}
\def\colspace{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries colspace}}\nolimits}
\def\rowspace{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries rowspace}}\nolimits}
\def\gmult{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries GeoMult}}\nolimits}
\def\amult{\mathop{\mbox{\sf\bfseries AlgMult}}\nolimits}
\def\rr{\raggedright}
\let\text\mbox
\def\hidem#1{\mbox{\phantom{$#1$}}}
\def\diff{\mbox{\raisebox{-10sp}{$\bigtriangledown$}}}
\def\Lbracket{[}%             % Fool tex-pretty on certain mismatched
\def\Rbracket{]}%             % braces, brackets, parens.
\def\Lbrace{\{}%              % Classic example: [a,b)
\def\Rbrace{\}}%              % recoded as       \Lbracket a,b \Rparen
\def\Lparen{(}%
\def\Rparen{)}%
%
%% Settings for fancyheadings.sty:
\pagestyle{fancyplain}
%\addtolength{\headwidth}{\marginparsep}
%\addtolength{\headwidth}{\marginparwidth}
\setlength{\headrulewidth}{1pt}% fancyhea.sty, 1999
\setlength{\plainheadrulewidth}{1pt}% 1999
%\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}% fancyhdr.sty, 2010
%\renewcommand{\plainheadrulewidth}{1pt}
\setlength{\headwidth}{\textwidth}
\addtolength{\headheight}{4pt}
\addtolength{\footskip}{4pt}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{#1}} % remember chapter title
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\def\setfancyheadRoman{%
\lhead[\bf\roman{page}]{\bf\rightmark}
\rhead[\bf\leftmark]{\bf\roman{page}}
\chead{}\lfoot{}\cfoot{}\rfoot{}
}
\def\setfancyheadArabic{%
\lhead[\fancyplain{}{\bf\arabic{page}}]{\fancyplain{}{\bf\rightmark}}
\rhead[\fancyplain{}{\bf\leftmark}]{\fancyplain{}{\bf\arabic{page}}}
%\lhead[\bf\arabic{page}]{\bf\rightmark}
%\rhead[\bf\leftmark]{\bf\arabic{page}}
\chead{}\lfoot{}\cfoot{}\rfoot{}
}
\setfancyheadArabic

\def\insertfigurehere#1{
    \input{pic/square.pic}%
\par
#1
\par
}
%\def\DF#1{{\df #1}\XX{#1}}
%% Example 2013, using amsmath symbol \lvert to make <A|b>
% \newcommand*{\braket}[2][]{\langle\ifx &#1& #2\else #2\lvert #1\fi\rangle}
\newcommand{\DF}[2][]{{\df #2}\ifx &#1&\XX{#2}\else\XX{#1}\fi}
\def\BF#1{{\df #1}}
\def\TT#1{{\tt #1}}
\def\MBF#1{{\mathbf #1}}
\def\SF#1{{\sf #1}}
\def\examplehere#1{\par{\bf Example:} #1\par}

\theoremheaderfont{\bfseries}
\theorembodyfont{\sffamily}
\theoremstyle{break}
\newtheorem{Theorem}{Theorem}[chapter]
\def\theTheorem{\arabic{Theorem}}
\theoremstyle{plain}
\newtheorem{Lemma}{Lemma}[chapter]
\def\theLemma{\arabic{Lemma}}
\theoremstyle{break}
\theorembodyfont{\rmfamily}
\newtheorem{Definition}{Definition}[chapter]
\def\theDefinition{\arabic{Definition}}
%\theoremheaderfont{\sffamily\bfseries\slshape}
\theorembodyfont{\sffamily\mdseries\upshape}
\theoremstyle{margin}
\newtheorem{Example}{Example}[chapter]
\def\theExample{\arabic{Example}}
\newenvironment{Solution}{\par\noindent{\sffamily\bfseries\upshape Solution}:\small\rm}{\par\medskip}
\newenvironment{Proof}{\par\noindent{\sffamily\bfseries\upshape
Proof}:\small\rm}{\par\medskip}
\newenvironment{ExtraProof}[1]{\par\noindent{\sffamily\bfseries\upshape
#1}\small\rm}{\par\medskip}
\newenvironment{SuperQuote}{\begin{quote}\large\sf}{\end{quote}}
\def\getexercises#1{%
\begin{multicols}{2}[\Exerciselist]
\columnsep=1.2pc
\columnseprule=0.4pt
\sloppy\small\rm
\input{prob/prob#1.tex}%
\end{multicols}%
}
\def\Exerciselist{{\Large\bf Exercises \thesection}}
\def\ExerciseHeader#1{\par {\large\sf #1}}
\def\EM#1{{\mdseries\itshape #1}}
\def\SL#1{{\mdseries\slshape #1}}
\def\epsfig#1{\special{ps#1}}
\long\def\colvector#1{\left(\begin{array}{r}#1\end{array}\right)}
\long\def\colvectorC#1{\left(\begin{array}{c}#1\end{array}\right)}
\long\def\rowvector#1{\left(\!\begin{array}{llllll}#1\end{array}\!\right)}
\long\def\rowvectorC#1{\left(\!\begin{array}{cccccc}#1\end{array}\!\right)}
\def\twobytwo#1#2{%
\left(\begin{array}{rr}
#1 \\ #2
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\threebythree#1#2#3{%
\left(\begin{array}{rrr}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\fourbyfour#1#2#3#4{%
\left(\begin{array}{rrrr}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\fivebyfive#1#2#3#4#5{%
\left(\begin{array}{rrrrr}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\minitwobytwo#1#2{%
\left(\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}}
#1 \\[-0.75ex] #2
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\minitwobytwoC#1#2{%
\left(\begin{array}{@{}c@{\hspace{0.6ex}}c@{}}
#1 \\[-0.75ex] #2
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\minithreebythree#1#2#3{%
\left(\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\minifourbyfour#1#2#3#4{%
\left(\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\minifivebyfive#1#2#3#4#5{%
\left(\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\minisixbysix#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
\left(\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ #6
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\minicolvector#1{\left(\begin{array}{@{}r@{}}#1\end{array}\right)}
\def\minicolvectorC#1{\left(\begin{array}{@{}c@{}}#1\end{array}\right)}
\def\Threebythree#1#2#3{%
\left(\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}} #1 \\ #2 \\
#3
\end{array}\right)
}
\def\DETtwobytwo#1#2{%
\left|\begin{array}{rr}
#1 \\ #2
\end{array}\right|
}\def\DETthreebythree#1#2#3{%
\left|\begin{array}{rrr}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3
\end{array}\right|
}
\def\DETfourbyfour#1#2#3#4{%
\left|\begin{array}{rrrr}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4
\end{array}\right|
}
\def\DETminitwobytwo#1#2{%
\left|\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}}
#1 \\[-0.75ex] #2
\end{array}\right|
}
\def\DETminithreebythree#1#2#3{%
\left|\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3
\end{array}\right|
}
\def\DETminifourbyfour#1#2#3#4{%
\left|\begin{array}{@{}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{\hspace{0.6ex}}r@{}}
#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4
\end{array}\right|
}
\def\EXCEL{\mbox{\tt Excel}}
\def\GNUPLOT{\mbox{\tt gnuplot}}
\def\SCILAB{\mbox{\tt scilab}}
\def\OCTAVE{\mbox{\tt octave}}
\def\MATLAB{\mbox{\tt matlab}}
\def\MAPLE{\mbox{\tt maple}}
\def\MATHEMATICA{\mbox{\tt mathematica}}
\def\MAXIMA{\mbox{\tt maxima}}
\def\ODEPACK{\mbox{\tt odepack}}
\marginparwidth=1in
\long\def\marginnote#1{
\marginpar{\small\ttfamily\scshape\raggedright #1}
}
%\def\XX#1{\index{#1}\typeout{\thepage #1}}
\def\XX#1{\index{#1}}
\def\RHS{\mbox{RHS}}
\def\LHS{\mbox{LHS}}
\def\WRAPfigRHS#1#2{%#1=text, #2=EPS figure basename
\sbox{\EPSbox}{\inputpicture{eps/#2.t}}
\DEtrash=\textwidth
\addtolength{\DEtrash}{-\wd\EPSbox}
\addtolength{\DEtrash}{-4ex}
\noindent
\begin{tabular}{@{}lr@{}}
\parbox[b]{\DEtrash}{#1} & \usebox{\EPSbox}
\end{tabular}
\par
}
\def\FigureEPSsidebyside#1#2{
\begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}l@{}}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.45\linewidth}{\sloppy #1}\end{minipage} \hfill &
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.45\linewidth}{\sloppy #2}\end{minipage} \hfill
\end{tabular}
%\begin{tabular}{@{}p{0.5\textwidth}@{}p{0.5\textwidth}@{}}
%\begin{center}#1\end{center} &
%\begin{center}#2\end{center}
%\end{tabular}
}
%\def\WRAPtableRHS#1#2{%#1=text, #2=table
%\sbox{\EPSbox}{#2}
%\DEtrash=\textwidth
%\addtolength{\DEtrash}{-\wd\EPSbox}
%\addtolength{\DEtrash}{-2pc}
%\noindent
%\begin{tabular}{@{}lr@{}}
%\parbox[b]{\DEtrash}{#1} & \usebox{\EPSbox}
%\end{tabular}
%\par
%}

\def\Verbatim{\vspace{-\abovedisplayskip}\verbatim}
\def\endVerbatim{\endverbatim\vspace{-\belowdisplayskip}}
\def\flagProof{{\Large$\bullet$}~}

\def\labelfig#1{fig\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}.#1}
\def\labeltab#1{tab\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}.#1}
\def\figfile#1{\arabic{chapter}-\arabic{section}-#1}

\newcounter{DEcount}
\def\NotOnPage#1#2{%
\setcounter{DEcount}{#1}%
\ifnum\value{DEcount}=\value{page}\else#2\fi}


\def\INDEXspace{\vspace{1ex}\BF{\large \Alph{DEcount}}\stepcounter{DEcount}\\[-1ex]
\mbox{}\hrulefill\mbox{}\vspace{0.5ex}}
\let\Myindex\theindex
\renewenvironment{theindex}{\begin{Myindex}\setcounter{DEcount}{1}\let\indexspace\INDEXspace\indexspace}{\end{Myindex}}

\def\aug{\mathop{{\bf aug}}\nolimits}
\def\ker{\mathop{{\bf kernel}}\nolimits}
\def\kernel{\mathop{{\bf kernel}}\nolimits}
\def\Image{\mathop{{\bf Image}}\nolimits}
\def\nullspace{\mathop{{\bf nullspace}}\nolimits}
\def\colspace{\mathop{{\bf colspace}}\nolimits}
\def\rowspace{\mathop{{\bf rowspace}}\nolimits}
\def\SPAN{\mathop{{\bf span}}\nolimits}
\def\row{\mathop{{\bf row}}\nolimits}
\def\col{\mathop{{\bf col}}\nolimits}
\def\trace{\mathop{{\bf trace}}\nolimits}
\def\rref{\mathop{{\bf rref}}\nolimits}
\def\rank{\mathop{{\bf rank}}\nolimits}
\def\nullity{\mathop{{\bf nullity}}\nolimits}
\def\Override#1#2{\multicolumn{1}{#1}{#2}}
\def\combo{\mathop{{\bf combo}}\nolimits}
\def\swap{\mathop{{\bf swap}}\nolimits}
\def\mult{\mathop{{\bf mult}}\nolimits}
\def\refl{\mathop{{\bf refl}}\nolimits}
\def\proj{\mathop{{\bf proj}}\nolimits}
\def\Proj{\mathop{{\bf Proj}}\nolimits}
\def\atom{\mathop{{\bf atom}}\nolimits}
\def\atomRoot{\mathop{{\bf atomRoot}}\nolimits}
\def\mod{\mathop{{\bf mod}}\nolimits}
\def\pulse{\mathop{{\bf pulse}}\nolimits}
\def\step{\mathop{{\bf u}}\nolimits}
\newif\iffrontmatter
\frontmattertrue
%\newcommand{\color}[2][]{}
%
\long\def\boxedText#1{\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.9}\begin{snugshade}\small\sf #1\relax\end{snugshade}}
%\long\def\boxedText#1{\begin{Sbox}#1\end{Sbox}\shadowbox{\Sbox}}%fancybox 2010
%
% Provides macros \FigureEPS \FigureEPSsidebyside
%                 \FigureEPSRightText \FigureEPSLeftText
%
%\def\figurename{{\bf Obr.}}
% \def\FigureEPS#1#2#3{
% \begin{figure}[ht]
% \begin{center}
% \input{#1}
% \end{center}
% \par\medskip
% \caption{#2} \label{#3}
% \end{figure}}
% \newcommand{\color}[2][]{}
% \def\FigureEPSsidebyside#1#2#3#4#5#6{
% \begin{figure}[ht]
% \begin{tabular}{@{}p{0.5\textwidth}@{}p{0.5\textwidth}@{}}
% \begin{center}\input{#1}\end{center}\par\medskip\caption{#2}\label{#3} &
% \begin{center}\input{#4}\end{center}\par\medskip\caption{#5}\label{#6}
% \end{tabular}
% \end{figure}}
% \def\FigureEPSRightText#1#2#3#4{
% \begin{figure}[ht]
% \begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}r@{}}
% \begin{minipage}{0.5\linewidth}
% \noindent\input{#1}\par\medskip\caption{#2}\label{#3}\end{minipage}
% & \begin{minipage}[s]{0.5\linewidth}\noindent{#4}\end{minipage}
% \end{tabular}
% \end{figure}}
% \def\FigureEPSLeftText#1#2#3#4{
% \begin{figure}[ht]
% \begin{tabular}{@{}l@{}r@{}}
% \begin{minipage}[s]{0.5\linewidth}\noindent{#4}\end{minipage} &
% \begin{minipage}{0.5\linewidth}
% \noindent\hfill\input{#1}\par\medskip\caption{#2}\label{#3}\end{minipage}
% \end{tabular}
% \end{figure}}

\makeatother
