%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.18",
%%%     date            = "24 June 2008",
%%%     time            = "06:34:26 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "vldbj.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "02511 16915 93446 935161",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
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%%%     keywords        = "BibTeX; bibliography; Very Large Data Bases
%%%                        Journal; VLDB Journal",
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%%%     docstring       = "This is a COMPLETE bibliography of
%%%                        publications in the VLDB journal: Very Large
%%%                        Data Bases (CODEN VLDBFR, ISSN 1066-8888
%%%                        (print), 0949-877X (electronic)), originally
%%%                        published by Springer Verlag on behalf of the
%%%                        VLDB Endowment, and now published by the ACM.
%%%
%%%                        Publication of the VLDB Journal begain with
%%%                        volume 1, number 1, in 1992, and the journal
%%%                        is normally published quarterly, although
%%%                        occasionally, issues are combined, or volumes
%%%                        are split across year boundaries.
%%%
%%%                        There is an editorial World Wide Web site at
%%%
%%%                            http://SunSITE.Informatik.RWTH-Aachen.DE/dblp/db/journals/vldb/
%%%
%%%                        and a publisher Web site at
%%%
%%%                            http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00778/index.htm
%%%                            http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=J869
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.18, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1992 (   7)    1998 (  22)    2004 (  23)
%%%                             1993 (  19)    1999 (   8)    2005 (  22)
%%%                             1994 (  22)    2000 (  36)    2006 (  29)
%%%                             1995 (  24)    2001 (  25)    2007 (  26)
%%%                             1996 (  19)    2002 (  23)    2008 (  42)
%%%                             1997 (  22)    2003 (  23)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        392
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  392
%%%
%%%                        This bibliography was prepared largely from
%%%                        the Web pages at the editorial and publisher
%%%                        sites.
%%%
%%%                        Spelling has been verified with the UNIX
%%%                        spell and GNU ispell programs using the
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%%%                        family name of the first author or editor,
%%%                        year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a
%%%                        3-letter condensation of important title
%%%                        words. Citation tags were automatically
%%%                        generated by software developed for the
%%%                        BibNet Project.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        publication order within each journal,
%%%                        using bibsort -bypages.
%%%
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%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
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%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-VLDB-J = "VLDB Journal: Very Large Data Bases"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries, sorted in publication order:

@Article{Breitbart:1992:TMI,
  author =       "Yuri Breitbart and Abraham Silberschatz and Glenn R.
                 Thompson",
  title =        "Transaction Management Issues in a Failure-Prone
                 Multidatabase System Environment",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--39",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:23 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb1.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/b/Breitbart:Yuri.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Silberschatz:Abraham.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/t/Thompson:Glenn_R=.html",
  abstract =     "This paper is concerned with the problem of
                 integrating a number of existing, off-the-shelf local
                 database systems into a multidatabase system that
                 maintains consistency in the face of concurrency and
                 failures. The major difficulties in designing such
                 systems stem from the requirements that local
                 transactions be allowed to execute outside the
                 multidatabase system control, and that the various
                 local database systems cannot participate in the
                 execution of a global commit protocol. A scheme based
                 on the assumption that the component local database
                 systems use the strict two-phase locking protocol is
                 developed. Two major problems are addressed: How to
                 ensure global transaction atomicity without the
                 provision of a commit protocol, and how to ensure
                 freedom from global deadlocks.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "algorithms; deadlock recovery; performance;
                 reliability; serializibility; transaction log",
  xxauthor =     "Yuri Breitbart and Avi Silberschatz and Glenn R.
                 Thompson",
  xxpages =      "1--40",
}

@Article{Nodine:1992:CTH,
  author =       "Marian H. Nodine and Stanley B. Zdonik",
  title =        "Cooperative Transaction Hierarchies: Transaction
                 Support for Design Applications",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "41--80",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:23 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb1.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/n/Nodine:Marian_H=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/z/Zdonik:Stanley_B=.html",
  abstract =     "Traditional atomic and nested transactions are not
                 always well-suited to cooperative applications, such as
                 design applications. Cooperative applications place
                 requirements on the database that may conflict with the
                 serializability requirement. They require transactions
                 to be long, possibly nested, and able to interact with
                 each other in a structured way. We define a transaction
                 framework, called a {\em cooperative transaction
                 hierarchy}, that allows us to relax the requirement for
                 atomic, serializable transactions to better support
                 cooperative applications. In cooperative transaction
                 hierarchies, we allow the correctness specification for
                 groups of designers to be tailored to the needs of the
                 application. We use {\em patterns\/} and {\em
                 conflicts\/} to specify the constraints imposed on a
                 group's history for it to be correct. We also provide
                 some primitives to smooth the operation of the members.
                 We characterize deadlocks in a cooperative transaction
                 hierarchy, and provide mechanisms for deadlock
                 detection and resolution. We examine issues associated
                 with failure and recovery.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "cooperation; deadlock detection; design transactions;
                 non-serializability; transaction hierarchies;
                 transaction synchronization; version management",
}

@Article{Spaccapietra:1992:MIA,
  author =       "Stefano Spaccapietra and Christine Parent and Yann
                 Dupont",
  title =        "Model Independent Assertions for Integration of
                 Heterogeneous Schemas",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "81--126",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:23 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb1.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/d/Dupont:Yann.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/p/Parent:Christine.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Spaccapietra:Stefano.html",
  abstract =     "Due to the proliferation of database applications, the
                 integration of existing databases into a distributed or
                 federated system is one of the major challenges in
                 responding to enterprises' information requirements.
                 Some proposed integration techniques aim at providing
                 database administrators (DBAs) with a view definition
                 language they can use to build the desired integrated
                 schema. These techniques leave to the DBA the
                 responsibility of appropriately restructuring schema
                 elements from existing local schemas and of solving
                 inter-schema conflicts. This paper investigates the
                 {\em assertion-based\/} approach, in which the DBA's
                 action is limited to pointing out corresponding
                 elements in the schemas and to defining the nature of
                 the correspondence in between. This methodology is
                 capable of: ensuring better integration by taking into
                 account additional semantic information (assertions
                 about links); automatically solving structural
                 conflicts; building the integrated schema without
                 requiring conforming of initial schemas; applying
                 integration rules to a variety of data models; and
                 performing view as well as database integration. This
                 paper presents the basic ideas underlying our approach
                 and focuses on resolution of structural conflicts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "conceptual modeling; database design and integration;
                 distributed databases; federated databases;
                 heterogeneous databases; schema integration",
}

@Article{Hsiao:1992:FDSa,
  author =       "David K. Hsiao",
  title =        "Federated Databases and Systems: Part {I} --- {A}
                 Tutorial on Their Data Sharing",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "127--179",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:23 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb1.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/Hsiao:David_K=.html",
  abstract =     "The issues and solutions for the interoperability of a
                 class of heterogeneous databases and their database
                 systems are expounded in two parts. Part I presents the
                 data-sharing issues in federated databases and systems.
                 Part II, which will appear in a future issue, explores
                 resource-consolidation issues. {\em Interoperability\/}
                 in this context refers to data sharing among
                 heterogeneous databases, and to resource consolidation
                 of computer hardware, system software, and support
                 personnel. {\em Resource consolidation\/} requires the
                 presence of a database system architecture which
                 supports the heterogeneous system software, thereby
                 eliminating the need for various computer hardware and
                 support personnel. The class of heterogeneous databases
                 and database systems expounded herein is termed {\em
                 federated}, meaning that they are joined in order to
                 meet certain organizational requirements and because
                 they require their respective application
                 specificities, integrity constraints, and security
                 requirements to be upheld. Federated databases and
                 systems are new. While there are no technological
                 solutions, there has been considerable research towards
                 their development. This tutorial is aimed at exposing
                 the need for such solutions. A taxonomy is introduced
                 in our review of existing research undertakings and
                 exploratory developments. With this taxonomy, we
                 contrast and compare various approaches to federating
                 databases and systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "attribute-based;
                 data-model-and-language-to-data-model-and-language
                 mappings; database conversion; hierarchical; network;
                 object-oriented; relational; schema transformation;
                 transaction translation",
  xxpages =      "127--180",
}

@Article{Breitbart:1992:OMT,
  author =       "Yuri Breitbart and Hector Garcia-Molina and Abraham
                 Silberschatz",
  title =        "Overview of Multidatabase Transaction Management",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "181--240",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:23 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb1.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/b/Breitbart:Yuri.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/g/Garcia=Molina:Hector.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Silberschatz:Abraham.html",
  abstract =     "A multidatabase system (MDBS) is a facility that
                 allows users access to data located in multiple
                 autonomous database management systems (DBMSs). In such
                 a system, {\em global transactions\/} are executed
                 under the control of the MDBS. Independently, {\em
                 local transactions\/} are executed under the control of
                 the local DBMSs. Each local DBMS integrated by the MDBS
                 may employ a different transaction management scheme.
                 In addition, each local DBMS has complete control over
                 all transactions (global and local) executing at its
                 site, including the ability to abort at any point any
                 of the transactions executing at its site. Typically,
                 no design or internal DBMS structure changes are
                 allowed in order to accommodate the MDBS. Furthermore,
                 the local DBMSs may not be aware of each other and, as
                 a consequence, cannot coordinate their actions. Thus,
                 traditional techniques for ensuring transaction
                 atomicity and consistency in homogeneous distributed
                 database systems may not be appropriate for an MDBS
                 environment. The objective of this article is to
                 provide a brief review of the most current work in the
                 area of multidatabase transaction management. We first
                 define the problem and argue that the multidatabase
                 research will become increasingly important in the
                 coming years. We then outline basic research issues in
                 multidatabase transaction management and review recent
                 results in the area. We conclude with a discussion of
                 open problems and practical implications of this
                 research.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "multidatabase; recovery; reliability; serializability;
                 transaction; two-level serializability",
  xxauthor =     "Yuri Breitbart and Hector Garcia-Molina and Avi
                 Silberschatz",
}

@Article{Drew:1992:TII,
  author =       "Pamela Drew and Roger King and Dennis Heimbigner",
  title =        "A Toolkit for the Incremental Implementation of
                 Heterogeneous Database Management Systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "241--284",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:23 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb1.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/d/Drew:Pamela.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/Heimbigner:Dennis.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/k/King:Roger.html",
  abstract =     "The integration of heterogeneous database environments
                 is a difficult and complex task. The A la carte
                 Framework addresses this complexity by providing a
                 reusable and extensible architecture in which a set of
                 heterogeneous database management systems can be
                 integrated. The goal is to support incremental
                 integration of existing database facilities into
                 heterogeneous, interoperative, distributed systems. The
                 Framework addresses the three main issues in
                 heterogeneous systems integration. First, it identifies
                 the problems in integrating heterogeneous systems.
                 Second, it identifies the key interfaces and parameters
                 required for autonomous systems to interoperate
                 correctly. Third, it demonstrates an approach to
                 integrating these interfaces in an extensible and
                 incremental way. The A la carte Framework provides a
                 set of reusable, integrating components which integrate
                 the major functional domains, such as transaction
                 management, that could or should be integrated in
                 heterogeneous systems. It also provides a mechanism for
                 capturing key characteristics of the components and
                 constraints which describe how the components can be
                 mixed and interchanged, thereby helping to reduce the
                 complexity of the integration process. Using this
                 framework, we have implemented an experimental,
                 heterogeneous configuration as part of the object
                 management work in the software engineering research
                 consortium, Arcadia.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "database toolkits; extensible databases; heterogeneous
                 databases; heterogeneous transaction management;
                 incremental integration; open architectures;
                 reconfigurable architectures",
}

@Article{Hsiao:1992:FDSb,
  author =       "David K. Hsiao",
  title =        "Federated Databases and Systems: Part {II} --- {A}
                 Tutorial on Their Resource Consolidation",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "1",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "285--310",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:23 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb1.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/Hsiao:David_K=.html",
  abstract =     "The issues and solutions for the interoperability of a
                 class of heterogeneous databases and their database
                 systems are expounded in two parts. Part I presented
                 the data-sharing issues in federated databases and
                 systems (Hsiao, 1992). The present article explores
                 resource-consolidation issues. {\em Interoperability\/}
                 in this context refers to data sharing among
                 heterogeneous databases, and to resource consolidation
                 of computer hardware, system software, and support
                 personnel. {\em Resource consolidation\/} requires the
                 presence of a database system architecture which
                 supports the heterogeneous system software, thereby
                 eliminating the need for various computer hardware and
                 support personnel. The class of heterogeneous databases
                 and database systems expounded herein is termed {\em
                 federated}, meaning that they are joined in order to
                 meet certain organizational requirements and because
                 they require their respective application
                 specificities, integrity constraints, and security
                 requirements to be upheld. Federated databases and
                 systems are new. While there are no technological
                 solutions, there has been considerable research towards
                 their development. This tutorial is aimed at exposing
                 the need for such solutions. A taxonomy is introduced
                 in our review of existing research undertakings and
                 exploratory developments. With this taxonomy, we
                 contrast and compare various approaches to federating
                 databases and systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "attribute-based;
                 data-model-and-language-to-data-model-and-language
                 mappings; database conversion; hierarchical; network;
                 object-oriented; relational; schema transformation;
                 transaction translation",
}

@Article{Yu:1993:BMB,
  author =       "Philip S. Yu and Douglas W. Cornell",
  title =        "Buffer Management Based on Return on Consumption in a
                 Multi-Query Environment",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--37",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:24 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/c/Cornell:Douglas_W=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/y/Yu:Philip_S=.html",
  abstract =     "In a multi-query environment, the marginal utilities
                 of allocating additional buffer to the various queries
                 can be vastly different. The conventional approach
                 examines each query in isolation to determine the
                 optimal access plan and the corresponding locality set.
                 This can lead to performance that is far from optimal.
                 As each query can have different access plans with
                 dissimilar locality sets and sensitivities to memory
                 requirement, we employ the concepts of memory
                 consumption and return on consumption (ROC) as the
                 basis for memory allocations. Memory consumption of a
                 query is its space-time product, while ROC is a measure
                 of the effectiveness of response-time reduction through
                 additional memory consumption. A global optimization
                 strategy using simulated annealing is developed, which
                 minimizes the average response over all queries under
                 the constraint that the total memory consumption rate
                 has to be less than the buffer size. It selects the
                 optimal join method and memory allocation for all query
                 types simultaneously. By analyzing the way the optimal
                 strategy makes memory allocations, a heuristic
                 threshold strategy is then proposed. The threshold
                 strategy is based on the concept of ROC. As the memory
                 consumption rate by all queries is limited by the
                 buffer size, the strategy tries to allocate the memory
                 so as to make sure that a certain level of ROC is
                 achieved. A simulation model is developed to
                 demonstrate that the heuristic strategy yields
                 performance that is very close to the optimal strategy
                 and is far superior to the conventional allocation
                 strategy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "buffer management; join methods; query optimization;
                 queueing model; simulated annealing; simulation",
  xxpages =      "1--38",
}

@Article{Harder:1993:CCI,
  author =       "Theo H{\"a}rder and Kurt Rothermel",
  title =        "Concurrency Control Issues in Nested Transactions",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--74",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:24 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/H=auml=rder:Theo.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/r/Rothermel:Kurt.html",
  abstract =     "The concept of nested transactions offers more
                 decomposable execution units and finer-grained control
                 over concurrency and recovery than `flat' transactions.
                 Furthermore, it supports the decomposition of a `unit
                 of work' into subtasks and their appropriate
                 distribution in a computer system as a prerequisite of
                 intratransaction parallelism. However, to exploit its
                 full potential, suitable granules of concurrency
                 control as well as access modes for shared data are
                 necessary. In this article, we investigate various
                 issues of concurrency control for nested transactions.
                 First, the mechanisms for cooperation and communication
                 within nested transactions should not impede parallel
                 execution of transactions among parent and children or
                 among siblings. Therefore, a model for nested
                 transactions is proposed allowing for effective
                 exploitation of intra-transaction parallelism. Starting
                 with a set of basic locking rules, we introduce the
                 concept of `downward inheritance of locks' to make data
                 manipulated by a parent available to its children. To
                 support supervised and restricted access, this concept
                 is refined to `controlled downward inheritance.' The
                 initial concurrency control scheme was based on S-X
                 locks for `flat,' non-overlapping data objects. In
                 order to adjust this scheme for practical applications,
                 a set of concurrency control rules is derived for
                 generalized lock modes described by a compatibility
                 matrix. Also, these rules are combined with a
                 hierarchical locking scheme to improve selective access
                 to data granules of varying sizes. After having tied
                 together both types of hierarchies (transaction and
                 object), it can be shown how `controlled downward
                 inheritance' for hierarchical objects is achieved in
                 nested transactions. Finally, problems of deadlock
                 detection and resolution in nested transactions are
                 considered.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "concurrency control; locking; nested transactions;
                 object hierarchies",
}

@Article{Jensen:1993:UDT,
  author =       "Christian S. Jensen and Leo Mark and Nick Roussopoulos
                 and Timos K. Sellis",
  title =        "Using Differential Techniques to Efficiently Support
                 Transaction Time",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "75--116",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:24 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/j/Jensen:Christian_S=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/m/Mark:Leo.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/r/Roussopoulos:Nick.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Sellis:Timos_K=.html",
  abstract =     "We present an architecture for query processing in the
                 relational model extended with transaction time. The
                 architecture integrates standard query optimization and
                 computation techniques with new differential
                 computation techniques. Differential computation
                 computes a query incrementally or decrementally from
                 the cached and indexed results of previous
                 computations. The use of differential computation
                 techniques is essential in order to provide efficient
                 processing of queries that access very large temporal
                 relations. Alternative query plans are integrated into
                 a state transition network, where the state space
                 includes backlogs of base relations, cached results
                 from previous computations, a cache index, and
                 intermediate results; the transitions include standard
                 relational algebra operators, operators for
                 constructing differential files, operators for
                 differential computation, and combined operators. A
                 rule set is presented to prune away parts of state
                 transition networks that are not promising, and dynamic
                 programming techniques are used to identify the optimal
                 plans from the remaining state transition networks. An
                 extended logical access path serves as a `structuring'
                 index on the cached results and contains, in addition,
                 vital statistics for the query optimization process
                 (including statistics about base relations, backlogs,
                 and queries---previously computed and cached,
                 previously computed, or just previously estimated).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "efficient query processing; incremental and
                 decremental computation; temporal databases;
                 transaction time",
}

@Article{Haritsa:1993:VBS,
  author =       "Jayant R. Haritsa and Michael J. Carey and Miron
                 Livny",
  title =        "Value-Based Scheduling in Real-Time Database Systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "117--152",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/c/Carey:Michael_J=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/Haritsa:Jayant_R=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/l/Livny:Miron.html",
  abstract =     "In a real-time database system, an application may
                 assign a {\em value\/} to a transaction to reflect the
                 return it expects to receive if the transaction commits
                 before its deadline. Most research on real-time
                 database systems has focused on systems where all
                 transactions are assigned the same value, the
                 performance goal being to minimize the number of missed
                 deadlines. When transactions are assigned different
                 values, the goal of the system shifts to maximizing the
                 sum of the values of those transactions that commit by
                 their deadlines. Minimizing the number of missed
                 deadlines becomes a secondary concern. In this article,
                 we address the problem of establishing a priority
                 ordering among transactions characterized by both
                 values and deadlines that results in maximizing the
                 realized value. Of particular interest is the tradeoff
                 established between these values and deadlines in
                 constructing the priority ordering. Using a detailed
                 simulation model, we evaluate the performance of
                 several priority mappings that make this tradeoff in
                 different, but fixed, ways. In addition, a `bucket'
                 priority mechanism that allows the relative importance
                 of values and deadlines to be controlled is introduced
                 and studied. The notion of associating a penalty with
                 transactions whose deadlines are not met is also
                 briefly considered.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "priority and concurrency algorithms; priority mapping;
                 resource and data contention; transaction values and
                 deadlines",
}

@Article{Grant:1993:QLR,
  author =       "John Grant and Witold Litwin and Nick Roussopoulos and
                 Timos K. Sellis",
  title =        "Query Languages for Relational Multidatabases",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "153--171",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/g/Grant:John.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/l/Litwin:Witold.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/r/Roussopoulos:Nick.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Sellis:Timos_K=.html",
  abstract =     "With the existence of many autonomous databases widely
                 accessible through computer networks, users will
                 require the capability to jointly manipulate data in
                 different databases. A multidatabase system provides
                 such a capability through a multidatabase manipulation
                 language, such as MSQL. We propose a theoretical
                 foundation for such languages by presenting a
                 multirelational algebra and calculus based on the
                 relational algebra and calculus. The proposal is
                 illustrated by various queries on an example
                 multidatabase. It is shown that properties of the
                 multirelational algebra may be used for optimization
                 and that every multirelational algebra query can be
                 expressed as a multirelational calculus query. The
                 connection between the multirelational languages and
                 MSQL, the multidatabase version of SQL, is also
                 investigated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "multidatabase; multirelational algebra;
                 multirelational calculus; query optimization",
  xxpages =      "153--172",
}

@Article{Neufeld:1993:GCT,
  author =       "Andrea Neufeld and Guido Moerkotte and Peter C.
                 Lockemann",
  title =        "Generating Consistent Test Data for a Variable Set of
                 General Consistency Constraints",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "173--213",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/l/Lockemann:Peter_C=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/m/Moerkotte:Guido.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/n/Neufeld:Andrea.html",
  abstract =     "To address the problem of generating test data for a
                 set of general consistency constraints, we propose a
                 new two-step approach: First the interdependencies
                 between consistency constraints are explored and a
                 generator formula is derived on their basis. During its
                 creation, the user may exert control. In essence, the
                 generator formula contains information to restrict the
                 search for consistent test databases. In the second
                 step, the test database is generated. Here, two
                 different approaches are proposed. The first adapts an
                 already published approach to generating finite models
                 by enhancing it with requirements imposed by test data
                 generation. The second, a new approach, operationalizes
                 the generator formula by translating it into a sequence
                 of operators, and then executes it to construct the
                 test database. For this purpose, we introduce two
                 powerful operators: the generation operator and the
                 test-and-repair operator. This approach also allows for
                 enhancing the generation operators with heuristics for
                 generating facts in a goal-directed fashion. It avoids
                 the generation of test data that may contradict the
                 consistency constraints, and limits the search space
                 for the test data. This article concludes with a
                 careful evaluation and comparison of the performance of
                 the two approaches and their variants by describing a
                 number of benchmarks and their results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "consistency; design; logic; test data; validation",
  xxpages =      "173--214",
  xxtitle =      "Generating consistent test data: restricting the
                 search space by a generator formula",
}

@Article{Du:1993:SCU,
  author =       "Weimin Du and Ahmed K. Elmagarmid and Won Kim and
                 Omran A. Bukhres",
  title =        "Supporting Consistent Updates in Replicated
                 Multidatabase Systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "215--241",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/b/Bukhres:Omran_A=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/d/Du:Weimin.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/e/Elmagarmid:Ahmed_K=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kim:Won.html",
  abstract =     "Replication is useful in multidatabase systems (MDBSs)
                 because, as in traditional distributed database
                 systems, it increases data availability in the presence
                 of failures and decreases data retrieval costs by
                 reading local or close copies of data. Concurrency
                 control, however, is more difficult in replicated MDBSs
                 than in ordinary distributed database systems. This is
                 the case not only because local concurrency controllers
                 may schedule global transactions inconsistently, but
                 also because local transactions (at different sites)
                 may access the same replicated data. In this article,
                 we propose a decentralized concurrency control protocol
                 for a replicated MDBS. The proposed strategy supports
                 prompt and consistent updates of replicated data by
                 both local and global applications without a central
                 coordinator.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "concurrency control; multidatabases; replica control;
                 replicated data management; resolvable conflicts;
                 serializability",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:Ca,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Column",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:Cb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Column",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:25 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomasic:1993:SIP,
  author =       "Anthony Tomasic and Hector Garcia-Molina",
  title =        "Special Issue in Parallelism in Database Systems:
                 Query Processing and Inverted Indices in Shared-Nothing
                 Document Information Retrieval Systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "243--275",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 27 08:46:01 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/g/Garcia=Molina:Hector.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/t/Tomasic:Anthony.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomasic:1993:QPI,
  author =       "Anthony Tomasic and Hector Garcia-Molina",
  title =        "Query processing and inverted indices in shared:
                 nothing text document information retrieval systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "243--276",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:26 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/",
  abstract =     "The performance of distributed text document retrieval
                 systems is strongly influenced by the organization of
                 the inverted text. This article compares the
                 performance impact on query processing of various
                 physical organizations for inverted lists. We present a
                 new probabilistic model of the database and queries.
                 Simulation experiments determine those variables that
                 most strongly influence response time and throughput.
                 This leads to a set of design trade-offs over a wide
                 range of hardware configurations and new parallel query
                 processing strategies.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "file organization; full text information retrieval;
                 inverted file; inverted index; performance; query
                 processing; shared-nothing; striping",
}

@Article{Ziane:1993:PQP,
  author =       "Mikal Ziane and Mohamed Za{\"\i}t and Pascale
                 Borla-Salamet",
  title =        "Parallel Query Processing with Zigzag Trees",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "277--301",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:26 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/b/Borla=Salamet:Pascale.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/z/Za=iuml=t:Mohamed.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/z/Ziane:Mikal.html",
  abstract =     "In this article, we describe our approach to the
                 compile-time optimization and parallelization of
                 queries for execution in DBS3 or EDS. DBS3 is a
                 shared-memory parallel database system, while the EDS
                 system has a distributed-memory architecture. Because
                 DBS3 implements a parallel dataflow execution model,
                 this approach applies to both architectures. Using
                 randomized search strategies enables the exploration of
                 a search space large enough to include zigzag trees,
                 which are intermediate between left-deep and right-deep
                 trees. Zigzag trees are shown to provide better
                 response time than right-deep trees in case of limited
                 memory. Performance measurements obtained using the
                 DBS3 prototype show the advantages of zigzag trees
                 under various conditions.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "cost function; fragmentation; pipeline; search space",
  xxpages =      "277--302",
}

@Article{Hua:1993:CDS,
  author =       "Kien A. Hua and Yu-lung Lo and Honesty C. Young",
  title =        "Considering Data Skew Factor in Multi-Way Join Query
                 Optimization for Parallel Execution",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "303--330",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:26 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/Hua:Kien_A=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/l/Lo:Yu=lung.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/y/Young:Honesty_C=.html",
  abstract =     "A consensus on parallel architecture for very large
                 database management has emerged. This architecture is
                 based on a shared-nothing hardware organization. The
                 computation model is very sensitive to skew in tuple
                 distribution, however. Recently, several parallel join
                 algorithms with dynamic load balancing capabilities
                 have been proposed to address this issue, but none of
                 them consider multi-way join problems. In this article
                 we propose a dynamic load balancing technique for
                 multi-way joins, and investigate the effect of load
                 balancing on query optimization. In particular, we
                 present a join-ordering strategy that takes
                 load-balancing issues into consideration. Our
                 performance study indicates that the proposed query
                 optimization technique can provide very impressive
                 performance improvement over conventional approaches.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "load balancing; multi-way join; parallel-database
                 computer; query optimization",
  xxauthor =     "Kien A. Hua and Yo Lung Lo and Honesty C. Young",
}

@Article{Zhang:1993:TGC,
  author =       "Aidong Zhang and Ahmed K. Elmagarmid",
  title =        "A Theory of Global Concurrency Control in
                 Multidatabase Systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "331--360",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:26 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/e/Elmagarmid:Ahmed_K=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/z/Zhang:Aidong.html",
  abstract =     "This article presents a theoretical basis for global
                 concurrency control to maintain global serializability
                 in multidatabase systems. Three correctness criteria
                 are formulated that utilize the intrinsic
                 characteristics of global transactions to determine the
                 serialization order of global subtransactions at each
                 local site. In particular, two new types of
                 serializability, chain-conflicting serializability and
                 sharing serializability, are proposed and hybrid
                 serializability, which combines these two basic
                 criteria, is discussed. These criteria offer the
                 advantage of imposing no restrictions on local sites
                 other than local serializability while retaining global
                 serializability. The graph testing techniques of the
                 three criteria are provided as guidance for global
                 transaction scheduling. In addition, an optimal
                 property of global transactions for determinating the
                 serialization order of global subtransactions at local
                 sites is formulated. This property defines the upper
                 limit on global serializability in multidatabase
                 systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "chain-conflicting serializability; hybrid
                 serializability; optimality; sharing serializability",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:SIP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Special issue in parallelism in database systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:26 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Srinivasan:1993:PBT,
  author =       "V. Srinivasan and Michael J. Carey",
  title =        "Performance of {B$^+$} tree concurrency control
                 algorithms",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "361--406",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/c/Carey:Michael_J=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Srinivasan:V=.html",
  abstract =     "A number of algorithms have been proposed to access
                 B$^+$-trees concurrently, but they are not well
                 understood. In this article, we study the performance
                 of various B$^+$-tree concurrency control algorithms
                 using a detailed simulation model of B$^+$-tree
                 operations in a centralized DBMS. Our study covers a
                 wide range of data contention situations and resource
                 conditions. In addition, based on the performance of
                 the set of B$^+$-tree concurrency control algorithms,
                 which includes one new algorithm, we make projections
                 regarding the performance of other algorithms in the
                 literature. Our results indicate that algorithms with
                 updaters that lock-couple using exclusive locks perform
                 poorly as compared to those that permit more optimistic
                 index descents. In particular, the B-link algorithms
                 are seen to provide the most concurrency and the best
                 overall performance. Finally, we demonstrate the need
                 for a highly concurrent long-term lock holding strategy
                 to obtain the full benefits of a highly concurrent
                 algorithm for index operations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "B+-tree structures; data contention; lock modes;
                 performance; resource conditions; simulation models;
                 workload parameters",
  xxtitle =      "Performance of {B+} Tree Concurrency Algorithms",
}

@Article{Weikum:1993:MLT,
  author =       "Gerhard Weikum and Christof Hasse",
  title =        "Multi-Level Transaction Management for Complex
                 Objects: Implementation, Performance, Parallelism",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "407--453",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/Hasse:Christof.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/w/Weikum:Gerhard.html",
  abstract =     "Multi-level transactions are a variant of open-nested
                 transactions in which the subtransactions correspond to
                 operations at different levels of a layered system
                 architecture. They allow the exploitation of semantics
                 of high-level operations to increase concurrency. As a
                 consequence, undoing a transaction requires
                 compensation of completed subtransactions. In addition,
                 multi-level recovery methods must take into
                 consideration that high-level operations are not
                 necessarily atomic if multiple pages are updated in a
                 single subtransaction. This article presents algorithms
                 for multi-level transaction management that are
                 implemented in the database kernel system (DASDBS). In
                 particular, we show that multi-level recovery can be
                 implemented in an efficient way. We discuss performance
                 measurements using a synthetic benchmark for processing
                 complex objects in a multi-user environment. We show
                 that multi-level transaction management can be extended
                 easily to cope with parallel subtransactions within a
                 single transaction. Performance results are presented
                 with varying degrees of inter- and intratransaction
                 parallelism.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "atomicity; complex objects; inter- and
                 intratransaction parallelism; multi-level transactions;
                 performance; persistence; recovery",
  xxpages =      "407--454",
}

@Article{Storey:1993:USR,
  author =       "Veda C. Storey",
  title =        "Understanding Semantic Relationships",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "455--488",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Storey:Veda_C=.html",
  abstract =     "To develop sophisticated database management systems,
                 there is a need to incorporate more understanding of
                 the real world in the information that is stored in a
                 database. Semantic data models have been developed to
                 try to capture some of the meaning, as well as the
                 structure, of data using abstractions such as
                 inclusion, aggregation, and association. Besides these
                 well-known relationships, a number of additional
                 semantic relationships have been identified by
                 researchers in other disciplines such as linguistics,
                 logic, and cognitive psychology. This article explores
                 some of the lesser-recognized semantic relationships
                 and discusses both how they could be captured, either
                 manually or by using an automated tool, and their
                 impact on database design. To demonstrate the
                 feasibility of this research, a prototype system for
                 analyzing semantic relationships, called the Semantic
                 Relationship Analyzer, is presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "database design; database design systems;
                 entity-relationship model; relational model; semantic
                 relationships",
}

@Article{Tseng:1993:SMS,
  author =       "Frank Shou-Cheng Tseng and Arbee L. P. Chen and W.-P.
                 Yang",
  title =        "Searching a Minimal Semantically-Equivalent Subset of
                 a Set of Partial Values",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "489--512",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:27 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb2.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/c/Chen:Arbee_L=_P=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/t/Tseng:Frank_Shou=Cheng.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/y/Yang:W==P=.html",
  abstract =     "Imprecise data exist in databases due to their
                 unavailability or to data/schema incompatibilities in a
                 multidatabase system. Partial values have been used to
                 represent imprecise data. Manipulation of partial
                 values is therefore necessary to process queries
                 involving imprecise data. In this article, we study the
                 problem of eliminating redundant partial values that
                 result from a projection on an attribute with partial
                 values. The redundancy of partial values is defined
                 through the interpretation of a set of partial values.
                 This problem is equivalent to searching a minimal
                 semantically-equivalent subset of a set of partial
                 values. A semantically-equivalent subset contains
                 exactly the same information as the original set. We
                 derive a set of useful properties and apply a graph
                 matching technique to develop an efficient algorithm
                 for searching such a minimal subset and therefore
                 eliminating redundant partial values. By this process,
                 we not only provide a concise answer to the user, but
                 also reduce the communication cost when partial values
                 are requested to be transmitted from one site to
                 another site in a distributed environment. Moreover,
                 further manipulation of the partial values can be
                 simplified. This work is also extended to the case of
                 multi-attribute projections.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "bipartite graph; graph matching; imprecise data;
                 minimal elements; multidatabase systems; partial
                 values",
  xxauthor =     "Frank S. C. Tseng and Arbee L. P. Chen and Wei Pang
                 Yang",
}

@Article{Georgakopoulos:1994:CST,
  author =       "Dimitrios Georgakopoulos and Marek Rusinkiewicz and
                 Witold Litwin",
  title =        "Chronological Scheduling of Transactions with Temporal
                 Dependencies",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "1--28",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:28 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/g/Georgakopoulos:Dimitrios.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/l/Litwin:Witold.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/r/Rusinkiewicz:Marek.html",
  abstract =     "Database applications often impose temporal
                 dependencies between transactions that must be
                 satisfied to preserve data consistency. The extant
                 correctness criteria used to schedule the execution of
                 concurrent transactions are either time independent or
                 use strict, difficult to satisfy real-time constraints.
                 On one end of the spectrum, serializability completely
                 ignores time. On the other end, deadline scheduling
                 approaches consider the outcome of each transaction
                 execution correct only if the transaction meets its
                 real-time deadline. In this article, we explore new
                 correctness criteria and scheduling methods that
                 capture temporal transaction dependencies and belong to
                 the broad area between these two extreme approaches. We
                 introduce the concepts of {\em succession dependency\/}
                 and {\em chronological dependency\/} and define
                 correctness criteria under which temporal dependencies
                 between transactions are preserved even if the
                 dependent transactions execute concurrently. We also
                 propose a {\em chronological scheduler\/} that can
                 guarantee that transaction executions satisfy their
                 chronological constraints. The advantages of
                 chronological scheduling over traditional scheduling
                 methods, as well as the main issues in the
                 implementation and performance of the proposed
                 scheduler, are discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "concurrent succession; execution correctness; partial
                 rollbacks; synchronization; transaction ordering",
}

@Article{Whang:1994:DMD,
  author =       "Kyu Young Whang and Sang Wook Kim and Gio Wiederhold",
  title =        "Dynamic Maintenance of Data Distribution for
                 Selectivity Estimation",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--51",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:28 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kim:Sang=Wook.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/w/Whang:Kyu=Young.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/w/Wiederhold:Gio.html",
  abstract =     "We propose a new dynamic method for multidimensional
                 selectivity estimation for range queries that works
                 accurately independent of data distribution. Good
                 estimation of selectivity is important for query
                 optimization and physical database design. Our method
                 employs the multilevel grid file (MLGF) for accurate
                 estimation of multidimensional data distribution. The
                 MLGF is a dynamic, hierarchical, balanced,
                 multidimensional file structure that gracefully adapts
                 to nonuniform and correlated distributions. We show
                 that the MLGF directory naturally represents a
                 multidimensional data distribution. We then extend it
                 for further refinement and present the selectivity
                 estimation method based on the MLGF. Extensive
                 experiments have been performed to test the accuracy of
                 selectivity estimation. The results show that
                 estimation errors are very small independent of
                 distributions, even with correlated and/or highly
                 skewed ones. Finally, we analyze the cause of errors in
                 estimation and investigate the effects of various
                 parameters on the accuracy of estimation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "multidimensional file structure; multilevel grid
                 files; physical database design; query optimization",
}

@Article{Kamel:1994:PBO,
  author =       "Nabil Kamel and Ping Wu and Stanley Y. W. Su",
  title =        "A Pattern-Based Object Calculus",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--76",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:28 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kamel:Nabil.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Su:Stanley_Y=_W=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/w/Wu:Ping.html",
  abstract =     "Several object-oriented database management systems
                 have been implemented without an accompanying
                 theoretical foundation for constraint, query
                 specification, and processing. The pattern-based object
                 calculus presented in this article provides such a
                 theoretical foundation for describing and processing
                 object-oriented databases. We view an object-oriented
                 database as a network of interrelated classes (i.e.,
                 the intension) and a collection of time-varying object
                 association patterns (i.e., the extension). The object
                 calculus is based on first-order logic. It provides the
                 formalism for interpreting precisely and uniformly the
                 semantics of queries and integrity constraints in
                 object-oriented databases. The power of the object
                 calculus is shown in four aspects. First, associations
                 among objects are expressed explicitly in an
                 object-oriented database. Second, the `nonassociation'
                 operator is included in the object calculus. Third,
                 set-oriented operations can be performed on both
                 homogeneous and heterogeneous object association
                 patterns. Fourth, our approach does not assume a
                 specific form of database schema. A proposed formalism
                 is also applied to the design of high-level
                 object-oriented query and constraint languages.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "association patterns; Object-oriented databases; query
                 expressions; semantic constraints",
}

@Article{Sciore:1994:VCM,
  author =       "Edward Sciore",
  title =        "Versioning and Configuration Management in an
                 Object-Oriented Data Model",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "77--106",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:28 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Sciore:Edward.html",
  abstract =     "Many database applications require the storage and
                 manipulation of different versions of data objects. To
                 satisfy the diverse needs of these applications,
                 current database systems support versioning at a very
                 low level. This article demonstrates that
                 application-independent versioning can be supported at
                 a significantly higher level. In particular, we extend
                 the EXTRA data model and EXCESS query language so that
                 configurations can be specified conceptually and
                 non-procedurally. We also show how version sets can be
                 viewed multidimensionally, thereby allowing
                 configurations to be expressed at a higher level of
                 abstraction. The resulting model integrates and
                 generalizes ideas in CAD systems, CASE systems, and
                 temporal databases.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "EXTRA/EXCESS data models; generic and specific
                 references; query language; semantically based
                 configuration specifications",
}

@Article{Ramamohanarao:1994:IDD,
  author =       "Kotagiri Ramamohanarao and James Harland",
  title =        "An introduction to deductive database languages and
                 systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "107--122",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ramamohanarao:1994:SIP,
  author =       "Kotagiri Ramamohanarao and James Harland",
  title =        "Special Issue on Prototypes of Deductive Database
                 Systems: An Introduction to Deductive Database
                 Languages and Systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "107--122",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 27 08:46:01 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/Harland:James.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/r/Ramamohanarao:Kotagiri.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Derr:1994:GND,
  author =       "Marcia A. Derr and Shinichi Morishita and Geoffrey
                 Phipps",
  title =        "The Glue-Nail Deductive Database System: Design,
                 Implementation, and Evaluation",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "123--160",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/d/Derr:Marcia_A=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/m/Morishita:Shinichi.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/p/Phipps:Geoffrey.html",
  abstract =     "We describe the design and implementation of the
                 Glue-Nail deductive database system. Nail is a purely
                 declarative query language; Glue is a procedural
                 language used for non-query activities. The two
                 languages combined are sufficient to write a complete
                 application. Nail and Glue code are both compiled into
                 the target language IGlue. The Nail compiler uses
                 variants of the magic sets algorithm and supports
                 well-founded models. The Glue compiler's static
                 optimizer uses peephole techniques and data flow
                 analysis to improve code. The IGlue interpreter
                 features a run-time adaptive optimizer that reoptimizes
                 queries and automatically selects indexes. We also
                 describe the Glue-Nail benchmark suite, a set of
                 applications developed to evaluate the Glue-Nail
                 language and to measure the performance of the
                 system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "language; performance; query optimization",
}

@Article{Ramakrishnan:1994:CDS,
  author =       "Raghu Ramakrishnan and Divesh Srivastava and S.
                 Sudarshan and Praveen Seshadri",
  title =        "The {CORAL} Deductive System",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "161--210",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/r/Ramakrishnan:Raghu.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Seshadri:Praveen.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Srivastava:Divesh.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Sudarshan:S=.html",
  abstract =     "CORAL is a deductive system that supports a rich
                 declarative language, and an interface to C++, which
                 allows for a combination of declarative and imperative
                 programming. A CORAL declarative program can be
                 organized as a collection of interacting modules. CORAL
                 supports a wide range of evaluation strategies, and
                 automatically chooses an efficient strategy for each
                 module in the program. Users can guide query
                 optimization by selecting from a wide range of control
                 choices. The CORAL system provides imperative
                 constructs to update, insert, and delete facts. Users
                 can program in a combination of declarative CORAL and
                 C++ extended with CORAL primitives. A high degree of
                 extensibility is provided by allowing C++ programmers
                 to use the class structure of C++ to enhance the CORAL
                 implementation. CORAL provides support for main-memory
                 data and, using the EXODUS storage manager,
                 disk-resident data. We present a comprehensive view of
                 the system from broad design goals, the language, and
                 the architecture, to language interfaces and
                 implementation details.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "deductive database; logic programming system; query
                 language",
}

@Article{Kiessling:1994:DSE,
  author =       "Werner Kie{\ss}ling and Helmut Schmidt and Werner
                 Strau{\ss} and Gerhard D{\"u}nzinger",
  title =        "{DECLARE} and {SDS}: Early Efforts to Commercialize
                 Deductive Database Technology",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "211--243",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/d/D=uuml=nzinger:Gerhard.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kie=szlig=ling:Werner.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Schmidt:Helmut.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Strau=szlig=:Werner.html",
  abstract =     "The Smart Data System (SDS) and its declarative query
                 language, Declarative Reasoning, represent the first
                 large-scale effort to commercialize deductive database
                 technology. SDS offers the functionality of deductive
                 reasoning in a distributed, heterogeneous database
                 environment. In this article we discuss several
                 interesting aspects of the query compilation and
                 optimization process. The emphasis is on the query
                 execution plan data structure and its transformations
                 by the optimizing rule compiler. Through detailed case
                 studies we demonstrate that efficient and very compact
                 runtime code can be generated. We also discuss our
                 experiences gained from a large pilot application (the
                 MVV-expert) and report on several issues of practical
                 interest in engineering such a complex system,
                 including the migration from Lisp to C. We argue that
                 heuristic knowledge and control should be made an
                 integral part of deductive databases.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "declarative reasoning; distributed query processing;
                 heuristic control; multi-databases; productization;
                 query optimizer",
}

@Article{Vaghani:1994:ADD,
  author =       "Jayen Vaghani and Kotagiri Ramamohanarao and David B.
                 Kemp and Zoltan Somogyi and Peter J. Stuckey and Tim S.
                 Leask and James Harland",
  title =        "The {Aditi} Deductive Database System",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "245--288",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/h/Harland:James.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kemp:David_B=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/l/Leask:Tim_S=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/r/Ramamohanarao:Kotagiri.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Somogyi:Zoltan.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Stuckey:Peter_J=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/v/Vaghani:Jayen.html",
  abstract =     "Deductive databases generalize relational databases by
                 providing support for recursive views and non-atomic
                 data. Aditi is a deductive system based on the
                 client-server model; it is inherently multi-user and
                 capable of exploiting parallelism on shared-memory
                 multiprocessors. The back-end uses relational
                 technology for efficiency in the management of
                 disk-based data and uses optimization algorithms
                 especially developed for the bottom-up evaluation of
                 logical queries involving recursion. The front-end
                 interacts with the user in a logical language that has
                 more expressive power than relational query languages.
                 We present the structure of Aditi, discuss its
                 components in some detail, and present performance
                 figures.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "implementation; logic; multi-user; parallelism;
                 relational database",
}

@Article{Anonymous:1994:SIP,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Special issue on prototypes of deductive database
                 systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:29 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1994:EIV,
  author =       "Byung Suk Lee and Gio Wiederhold",
  title =        "Efficiently Instantiating View-Objects From Remote
                 Relational Databases",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "289--323",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:30 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/l/Lee:Byung_Suk.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/w/Wiederhold:Gio.html",
  abstract =     "View-objects are complex objects that are instantiated
                 by delivering a query to a database and converting the
                 query result into a nested structure. In relational
                 databases, query results are conventionally retrieved
                 as a single flat relation, which contains duplicate
                 subtuples in its composite tuples. These duplicate
                 subtuples increase the amount of data to be handled and
                 thus degrade performance. In this article, we describe
                 two new methods that retrieve a query result in
                 structures other than a single flat relation. One
                 method retrieves a set of relation fragments, and the
                 other retrieves a single-nested relation. We first
                 describe their algorithms and cost models, and then
                 present the cost comparison results in a client-server
                 architecture with a relational main memory database
                 residing on a server.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "client server; complex object; nested relation; query
                 optimization; relation fragments",
}

@Article{Barbara-Milla:1994:DPT,
  author =       "Daniel Barbar{\'a}-Mill{\'a} and Hector
                 Garcia-Molina",
  title =        "The demarcation protocol: a technique for maintaining
                 constraints in distributed database systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "325--353",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:30 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/",
  abstract =     "Traditional protocols for distributed database
                 management have a high message overhead; restrain or
                 lock access to resources during protocol execution; and
                 may become impractical for some scenarios like
                 real-time systems and very large distributed databases.
                 In this article, we present the demarcation protocol;
                 it overcomes these problems by using explicit
                 consistency constraints as the correctness criteria.
                 The method establishes safe limits as `lines drawn in
                 the sand' for updates, and makes it possible to change
                 these limits dynamically, enforcing the constraints at
                 all times. We show how this technique can be applied to
                 linear arithmetic, existential, key, and approximate
                 copy constraints.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "consistency constraints; serializability; transaction
                 limits",
}

@Article{Barbara:1994:DPT,
  author =       "Daniel Barbar{\'a} and Hector Garcia-Molina",
  title =        "The Demarcation Protocol: {A} Technique for
                 Maintaining Constraints in Distributed Database
                 Systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "325--353",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 27 08:46:01 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/b/Barbar=aacute=:Daniel.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/g/Garcia=Molina:Hector.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bertino:1994:ICO,
  author =       "Elisa Bertino",
  title =        "Index Configuration in Object-Oriented Databases",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "355--399",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:30 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/b/Bertino:Elisa.html",
  abstract =     "In relational databases, an attribute of a relation
                 can have only a single primitive value, making it
                 cumbersome to model complex objects. The
                 object-oriented paradigm removes this difficulty by
                 introducing the notion of nested objects, which allows
                 the value of an object attribute to be another object
                 or a set of other objects. This means that a class
                 consists of a set of attributes, and the values of the
                 attributes are objects that belong to other classes;
                 that is, the definition of a class forms a hierarchy of
                 classes. All attributes of the nested classes are
                 nested attributes of the root of the hierarchy. A
                 branch of such hierarchy is called a {\em path}. In
                 this article, we address the problem of index
                 configuration for a given path. We first summarize some
                 basic concepts, and introduce the concept of index
                 configuration for a path. Then we present cost formulas
                 to evaluate the costs of the various configurations.
                 Finally, we present the algorithm that determines the
                 optimal configuration, and show its correctness.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "index selection; physical database design; query
                 optimization",
}

@Article{Guting:1994:ISD,
  author =       "Ralf Hartmut G{\"u}ting",
  title =        "An introduction to spatial database systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "357--399",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:31 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://portal.acm.org/",
  abstract =     "We propose a definition of a spatial database system
                 as a database system that offers spatial data types in
                 its data model and query language, and supports spatial
                 data types in its implementation, providing at least
                 spatial indexing and spatial join methods. Spatial
                 database systems offer the underlying database
                 technology for geographic information systems and other
                 applications. We survey data modeling, querying, data
                 structures and algorithms, and system architecture for
                 such systems. The emphasis is on describing known
                 technology in a coherent manner, rather than listing
                 open problems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Guting:1994:SIS,
  author =       "Ralf Hartmut G{\"u}ting",
  title =        "Special Issue on Spatial Database Systems: An
                 Introduction to Spatial Database Systems",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "357--399",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 27 08:46:01 MDT 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/g/G=uuml=ting:Ralf_Hartmut.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Baumann:1994:MMD,
  author =       "Peter Baumann",
  title =        "Management of Multidimensional Discrete Data",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "401--444",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:31 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/b/Baumann:Peter.html",
  abstract =     "Spatial database management involves two main
                 categories of data: vector and raster data. The former
                 has received a lot of in-depth investigation; the
                 latter still lacks a sound framework. Current DBMSs
                 either regard raster data as pure byte sequences where
                 the DBMS has no knowledge about the underlying
                 semantics, or they do not complement array structures
                 with storage mechanisms suitable for huge arrays, or
                 they are designed as specialized systems with
                 sophisticated imaging functionality, but no general
                 database capabilities (e.g., a query language). Many
                 types of array data will require database support in
                 the future, notably 2-D images, audio data and general
                 signal-time series (1-D), animations (3-D), static or
                 time-variant voxel fields (3-D and 4-D), and the
                 ISO/IEC PIKS (Programmer's Imaging Kernel System)
                 BasicImage type (5-D). In this article, we propose a
                 comprehensive support of {\em multidimensional discrete
                 data\/} (MDD) in databases, including operations on
                 arrays of arbitrary size over arbitrary data types. A
                 set of requirements is developed, a small set of
                 language constructs is proposed (based on a formal
                 algebraic semantics), and a novel MDD architecture is
                 outlined to provide the basis for efficient MDD query
                 evaluation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "image database systems; multimedia database systems;
                 spatial index; tiling",
}

@Article{Chu:1994:SMA,
  author =       "Wesley W. Chu and Ion Tim Ieong and Ricky K. Taira",
  title =        "A Semantic Modeling Approach for Image Retrieval by
                 Content",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "445--477",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:31 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/c/Chu:Wesley_W=.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/i/Ieong:Ion_Tim.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/t/Taira:Ricky_K=.html",
  abstract =     "We introduce a semantic data model to capture the
                 hierarchical, spatial, temporal, and evolutionary
                 semantics of images in pictorial databases. This model
                 mimics the user's conceptual view of the image content,
                 providing the framework and guidelines for
                 preprocessing to extract image features. Based on the
                 model constructs, a spatial evolutionary query language
                 (SEQL), which provides direct image object manipulation
                 capabilities, is presented. With semantic information
                 captured in the model, spatial evolutionary queries are
                 answered efficiently. Using an object-oriented
                 platform, a prototype medical-image management system
                 was implemented at UCLA to demonstrate the feasibility
                 of the proposed approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "image; medical; multimedia databases; spatial query
                 processing; temporal evolutionary query processing",
}

@Article{Papadias:1994:QRS,
  author =       "Dimitris Papadias and Timos K. Sellis",
  title =        "Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge in
                 Two-Dimensional Space",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "479--516",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR",
  ISSN =         "1066-8888 (print), 0949-877X (electronic)",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 23 10:50:31 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/journals/vldb/vldb3.html;
                 http://portal.acm.org/",
  note =         "Electronic edition.",
  URL =          "http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/p/Papadias:Dimitris.html;
                 http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/s/Sellis:Timos_K=.html",
  abstract =     "Various relation-based systems, concerned with the
                 qualitative representation and processing of spatial
                 knowledge, have been developed in numerous application
                 domains. In this article, we identify the common
                 concepts underlying qualitative spatial knowledge
                 representation, we compare the representational
                 properties of the different systems, and we outline the
                 computational tasks involved in relation-based spatial
                 information processing. We also describe {\em symbolic
                 spatial indexes}, relation-based structures that
                 combine several ideas in spatial knowledge
                 representation. A symbolic spatial index is an array
                 that preserves only a set of spatial relations among
                 distinct objects in an image, called the modeling
                 space; the index array discards information, such as
                 shape and size of objects, and irrelevant spatial
                 relations. The construction of a symbolic spatial index
                 from an input image can be thought of as a
                 transformation that keeps only a set of representative
                 points needed to define the relations of the modeling
                 space. By keeping the relative arrangements of the
                 representative points in symbolic spatial indexes and
                 discarding all other points, we maintain enough
                 information to answer queries regarding the spatial
                 relations of the modeling space without the need to
                 access the initial image or an object database.
                 Symbolic spatial indexes can be used to solve problems
                 involving route planning, composition of spatial
                 relations, and update operations.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "qualitative spatial information processing;
                 representation of direction and topological relations;
                 spatial data models; spatial query languages",
}

@Article{Lin:1994:TTI,
  author =       "King Ip Lin and H. V. Jagadish and Christos
                 Faloutsos",
  title =        "The {TV}-Tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional
                 Data",
  journal =      j-VLDB-J,
  volume =       "3",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "517--542",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "VLDBFR