%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%% BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.03",
%%%     date            = "17 December 2003",
%%%     time            = "09:17:37 MST",
%%%     filename        = "jcd.bib",
%%%     address         = "Center for Scientific Computing
%%%                        University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "28686 5019 20268 194514",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "ACM Journal of Computer Documentation,
%%%                        BibTeX, bibliography",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a COMPLETE BibTeX bibliography for
%%%                        the quarterly ACM Journal of Computer
%%%                        Documentation (CODEN AJCDBH, ISSN 1527-6805),
%%%                        covering all journal issues from 2000 --
%%%                        date.
%%%
%%%                        This journal continues the earlier ACM
%%%                        publications:
%%%
%%%                        * Systems Documentation Newsletter (CODEN
%%%                          none, ISSN 0163-5956), vol. 1, no. 1 (1974)
%%%                          -- vol. 6 June (1979);
%%%
%%%                        * ACM SIGDOC asterisk (CODEN ASTRF7, ISSN
%%%                          0731-1001), vol. 7, no. 1 (December 1980 /
%%%                          January 1981) -- vol. 14 (1990);
%%%
%%%                        * Asterisk (*): the Journal of computer
%%%                          documentation (CODEN ASTRF7, ISSN
%%%                          0731-1001), vol. 15, no. 1 (March 1991) --
%%%                          vol. 23 (1999).
%%%
%%%                        These are not yet covered in separate
%%%                        companion bibliographies.  For now, limited
%%%                        coverage of them is provided in this file.
%%%                        The OCLC databases do not cover these
%%%                        journals, so it has not yet been possible to
%%%                        supply page numbers that are missing from a
%%%                        few entries.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.03, the complete journal
%%%                        coverage looked like this:
%%%
%%%                             1994 (  10)    1997 (  25)    2000 (  32)
%%%                             1995 (  18)    1998 (  36)    2001 (  24)
%%%                             1996 (  20)    1999 (  32)    2002 (  22)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        218
%%%                             Book:             1
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  219
%%%
%%%                        The journal Web page can be found at:
%%%
%%%                            http://www.acm.org/sigdoc/journal.html
%%%
%%%                        The journal table of contents pages is at:
%%%
%%%                            http://www.acm.org/pubs/contents/journals/jcd/
%%%
%%%                        Contents of predecessor journals are covered at:
%%%
%%%                            http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html
%%%
%%%                        Qualified subscribers can retrieve the full
%%%                        text of recent articles in PDF form.
%%%
%%%                        The ACM maintains Web pages with journal
%%%                        tables of contents for 2000--date at
%%%                        http://www.acm.org/pubs/toc.  That data has
%%%                        been automatically converted to BibTeX
%%%                        form, corrected for spelling and page
%%%                        number errors, and merged into this file.
%%%
%%%                        ACM copyrights explicitly permit abstracting
%%%                        with credit, so article abstracts, keywords,
%%%                        and subject classifications have been
%%%                        included in this bibliography wherever
%%%                        available.  Article reviews have been
%%%                        omitted, until their copyright status has
%%%                        been clarified.
%%%
%%%                        bibsource keys in the bibliography entries
%%%                        below indicate the entry originally came
%%%                        from the computer science bibliography
%%%                        archive, even though it has likely since
%%%                        been corrected and updated.
%%%
%%%                        URL keys in the bibliography point to
%%%                        World Wide Web locations of additional
%%%                        information about the entry.
%%%
%%%                        BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen
%%%                        as name:year:abbrev, where name is the
%%%                        family name of the first author or editor,
%%%                        year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a
%%%                        3-letter condensation of important title
%%%                        words. Citation tags were automatically
%%%                        generated by software developed for the
%%%                        BibNet Project.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        publication order, using ``bibsort -byvolume.''
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility."
%%%     }
%%% ====================================================================

@Preamble{"\input bibnames.sty"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    Center for Scientific Computing,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-ASTERISK              = "Asterisk: the journal of computer
                                  documentation"}

@String{j-JCD                   = "ACM Journal of Computer Documentation"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries for earlier journals:

@Article{Clark:1994:ETC,
  author =       "Gregory Clark",
  title =        "Ethics in Technical Communication: {A} Rhetorical
                 Perspective",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--10",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "classic reprint",
}

@Article{Brockmann:1994:GCT,
  author =       "R. John Brockmann",
  title =        "{Gregory Clark}'s Take on Technical Communication
                 Ethics: Flimsy, Fragile, But Correct",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "11--15",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Davis:1994:REC,
  author =       "Michael Davis",
  title =        "The Rhetoric of Ethics Compromised",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15--19",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Girill:1994:APC,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Achieving Principled Communication Amid Conflict",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "19--24",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Walzer:1994:ENT,
  author =       "Arthur E. Walzer",
  title =        "Ethical Norms for Technical Communication: {Plato},
                 {Aristotle}, and {Clark}'s Rhetorical Perspective",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25--32",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Clark:1994:PEA,
  author =       "Gregory Clark",
  title =        "Professional Ethics from an Academic Perspective",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "32--38",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary response",
}

@Article{Allmendinger:1994:CB,
  author =       "Leif Allmendinger",
  title =        "Commentary on {Brasseur}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Borland:1994:CBF,
  author =       "Russell Borland",
  title =        "Comments on {Brasseur}'s Fill Pattern Article",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Brasseur:1994:HCG,
  author =       "Lee Brasseur",
  title =        "How Computer Graphing Programs Change the Graph Design
                 Process",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gustafson:1994:CAD,
  author =       "Jolene Gustafson",
  title =        "Computer-Aided Design: Selecting and Filling Users'
                 Needs",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Brockmann:1995:PUJ,
  author =       "R. John Brockmann",
  title =        "Not Post-Usability, Just Different Usability",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Farkas:1995:SFS,
  author =       "David K. Farkas",
  title =        "Seeking the Future of Software Documentation",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Redish:1995:WRE,
  author =       "Janice Redish",
  title =        "Are We Really Entering a Post-Usability Era",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Weiss:1995:RUU,
  author =       "Edmund H. Weiss",
  title =        "The Retreat from Usability: User Documentation in the
                 Post-Usability Era",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "??--??",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Borland:1995:FH,
  author =       "Russell Borland",
  title =        "Farewell and Hail",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "1--4",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Borland:1995:IJ,
  author =       "Russell Borland",
  title =        "Indices to {JCD} 1991-1994",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--8",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mehlenbacher:1995:CSP,
  author =       "Brad Mehlenbacher",
  title =        "Commentary on {SIGDOC94} Presentations",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "15--21",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gaines:1995:KAR,
  author =       "Brian Gaines and Mildred Shaw",
  title =        "Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Techniques",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23--36",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mayer:1995:SAS,
  author =       "Richard E. Mayer",
  title =        "Structural Analysis of Science Prose: Can We Increase
                 Problem-Solving Performance?",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--26",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "classic reprint",
}

@Article{Girill:1995:EEE,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Expertise, Examples, Explanations, and Encoding",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "27--30",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Killingsworth:1995:EDD,
  author =       "M. Jimmie Killingsworth and Martin E. Rosenberg",
  title =        "The Evolution of Document Design Since 1985",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--35",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Smith:1995:PPM,
  author =       "Catherine Smith",
  title =        "A Process Perspective on Mayer: Thin Theory for Thick
                 Practice",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36--38",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Wright:1995:RSM,
  author =       "Patricia Wright",
  title =        "Reading Strategies, Mental Models, and Text Design",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "38--45",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Mayer:1995:SLI,
  author =       "Richard E. Mayer",
  title =        "A Second Look at Increasing the Understandability of
                 Scientific Text",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Girill:1995:TCS,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Table of Contents Service for {{\em College
                 Composition and Communication\/}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--8",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Merrill:1995:ARD,
  author =       "Cara K. Merrill",
  title =        "Analytical Review of [Duffy, Palmer, Mehlenbacher]
                 {{\em Online Help\/}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--8",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Compton:1995:ARD,
  author =       "Diane Compton",
  title =        "Analytical Review of [Duffy, Palmer, Mehlenbacher]
                 {{\em Online Help\/}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "8--12",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Berhnardt:1995:TDD,
  author =       "Stephen A. Berhnardt",
  title =        "Technology Driven Documentation in the Pharmaceutical
                 Industry",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "19",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "13--18",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Mirel:1996:CIR,
  author =       "Barbara Mirel",
  title =        "Contextual Inquiry and the Representation of Tasks",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "14--21",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Kleimann:1996:RUC,
  author =       "Susan Kleimann",
  title =        "Response to Using Contextual Inquiry",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--24",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Simpson:1996:CUC,
  author =       "Mark Simpson",
  title =        "A Commentary on Using Contextual Inquiry",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--28",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Girill:1996:ISS,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Information Science Speaks to Documentation: {A}
                 Comparative Commentary on the Recent Literature",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "29--31",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Williams:1996:FCH,
  author =       "Thomas R. Williams",
  title =        "First Commentary on {Haramundanis}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Beardslee:1996:SCH,
  author =       "Deborah Beardslee",
  title =        "Second Commentary on {Haramundanis}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16--17",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Pedell:1996:TDI,
  author =       "Brian Pedell",
  title =        "Toward a Declaration of Icon Independence",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18--21",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Coney:1996:RAR,
  author =       "Mary B. Coney and Carl S. Chatfield",
  title =        "Rethinking the Author-Reader Relationship in Computer
                 Documentation",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22--28",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Kades:1996:IBR,
  author =       "Leigh Kades",
  title =        "Introduction to Book-Review Commentaries",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "29",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smith:1996:FCP,
  author =       "Norman E. Smith",
  title =        "First Commentary on {{\em Practical SGML}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30--32",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "UnCover library database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/tex/bib/index-s.html#sgml;
                 http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Surveys the programming aspects that this edition
                 omits.",
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Schick:1996:SCP,
  author =       "William Schick",
  title =        "Second Commentary on {{\em Practical SGML}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33--35",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "UnCover library database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/tex/bib/index-s.html#sgml;
                 http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Explores the practicality of Practical SGML.",
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Price:1996:PSI,
  author =       "Lynne A. Price",
  title =        "{{\em Practical SGML\/}} as an Introduction to
                 {SGML}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "36--38",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "UnCover library database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/tex/bib/index-s.html#sgml;
                 http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  note =         "Finds the Book's strengths and weaknesses in its
                 details.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Glushko:1996:HPP,
  author =       "Robert J. Glushko",
  title =        "How Practical is {{\em Practical SGML\/}}?",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "39--43",
  day =          "1",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "UnCover library database;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/tex/bib/index-s.html#sgml",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Compares the roles and benefits of this book's two
                 editions",
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Dicks:1996:PBW,
  author =       "R. Stanley Dicks",
  title =        "Pages, Books, the {Web}, and Virtual Reality",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--13",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Kalmbach:1996:BPP,
  author =       "James Kalmbach",
  title =        "Books Without Pages/Pages Without Books",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "14--17",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Mehlenbacher:1996:SP,
  author =       "Brad Mehlenbacher",
  title =        "Spaces Without Places",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "18--22",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Ohnemus:1996:HFC,
  author =       "Kenneth R. Ohnemus",
  title =        "Human(e) Factors: {A} Catalyst for the Past, Present,
                 and Future",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--32",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Girill:1996:TCSb,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Table of Contents Service for {{\em Cognitive
                 Science}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "33--42",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Storms:1996:ARH,
  author =       "C. Gilbert Storms",
  title =        "Analytical Review of [Hackos] {{\em Managing Your
                 Documentation Projects.}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "9--13",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Girill:1996:TCSa,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Table of Contents Service for {{\em Visible
                 Language}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "20",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "14--25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Draper:1997:NGR,
  author =       "Stephen W. Draper",
  title =        "New Guises for Recurring Problems in Documentation",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "15--18",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Summarizing years of practical experience in his notes
                 and commentary, Uren systematically reviews the recent
                 literature about internationalization and localization,
                 briefly evaluating over 4 dozen articles and books
                 along with many relevant standards (all grouped by
                 operating system or platform where appropriate).
                 ``Localizing software,'' he explains with astute
                 examples, ``requires more than translating
                 documentation and the [user] interface'' into another
                 language.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Elser:1997:CPW,
  author =       "Arthur G. Elser",
  title =        "Complex Problems: What's the Next Step?",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--22",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Waite:1997:DCP,
  author =       "Bob Waite",
  title =        "Documenting Complex Processes: Educating the User and
                 Simplifying the Task",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--25",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Uren:1997:ABI,
  author =       "Emmmanuel Uren",
  title =        "Annotated Bibliography on Internationalization and
                 Localization",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "26--33",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Smart:1997:SCC,
  author =       "Karl Smart",
  title =        "{SIGDOC97} Conference Call for Papers",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "34--35",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{Girill:1997:NPT,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "News of the Profession: Thanks and {WWW} Usability
                 Too",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "36--37",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{Mulvany:1997:WGI,
  author =       "Nancy C. Mulvany",
  title =        "What's Going on in Indexing?",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "10--15",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "While summarizing and evaluating the recent literature
                 on indexing and its relevance to computer
                 documentation, Mulvany defends three claims: (1) An
                 index is one of the most important features of a
                 manual. (2) Adequate indexes are produced by skilled
                 professionals; they are not just computer-generated
                 word lists. (3) Even in online documentation,
                 professionally constructed indexes add value that
                 cannot be duplicated by summarization software or
                 text-search programs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Norton:1997:LLH,
  author =       "David W. Norton",
  title =        "The Linguistics of Links: Hyperphoric Grammar Markups
                 for {HTML} Documents",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "16--21",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Just as linguistic clarity about traditional
                 referencing features in text improves that text's
                 usefulness, argues Norton, so can linguistic analysis
                 of between-document (``hyperphoric'') interactive links
                 improve the usefulness of HTML documents. Norton
                 undertakes that analysis and finds four distinct kinds
                 of link. He then suggests how HTML browsers could
                 exploit those link types to alter their labels and
                 prompts to present more useful displays of online
                 text.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Girill:1997:TCSa,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Table of Contents Service for {{\em Instructional
                 Science}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22--32",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Hallgren argues that besides addressing the routine
                 tasks users perform, adequate documentation must also
                 anticipate the problems they will face when deciding
                 which tasks to perform or when planning complex tasks.
                 He illustrates the extra explanatory features of
                 problem-centered documentation with three
                 before-and-after comparative miniature case studies
                 based on actual documentation passages. Accompanying
                 Hallgren's article are 10 pages of detailed analytical
                 commentary on his claims, in three evaluative essays by
                 Stephen W. Draper, Arthur G. Elser, and Bob Waite.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smart:1997:SCT,
  author =       "Karl Smart",
  title =        "{SIGDOC97} Conference: The Theme, The Venue, and How
                 to Learn More",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33--34",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{DeRose:1997:WTR,
  author =       "Steven J. DeRose and David G. Durand and Elli Mylonas
                 and Allen H. Renear",
  title =        "What is Text Really?",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "1--25",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "classic reprint",
}

@Article{Selber:1997:OMT,
  author =       "Stuart A. Selber",
  title =        "The {OHCO} Model of Text: Merits and Concerns",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "26--31",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Although performance support and computer-aided
                 training are not the same, they share many goals,
                 techniques, design criteria, and research publications.
                 In this comprehensive literature-awareness essay, Reece
                 uses a careful conceptual survey (and comparison) of
                 these fields as the means to review the professional
                 societies, annual conferences, web sites, published
                 case studies, and prime reference material relevant to
                 both areas.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Hill:1997:MMM,
  author =       "Charles Hill",
  title =        "Markup Meets the Mainstream: The Future of
                 Content-Based Processing",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "32--35",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Dicks:1997:TCQ,
  author =       "R. Stanley Dicks",
  title =        "Third Commentary on {``What is Text Really?''}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36--39",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{DeRose:1997:FCQ,
  author =       "Steven J. DeRose and David G. Durand and Elli Mylonas
                 and Allen H. Renear",
  title =        "Further Context for {``What is Text Really?''}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "40--44",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Reece:1997:PSTa,
  author =       "Gloria A. Reece",
  title =        "Performance Systems Technology and Computer-Based
                 Instruction (Part {I})",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--55",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Smart:1997:SLR,
  author =       "Karl Smart",
  title =        "{SIGDOC97}: Lodging and Registration Details",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "56--63",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "DeLoach critically analyzes every essay in the 1996
                 anthology by Patricia Sullivan and Jeannie Dautermann
                 called {{\em Electronic Literacies in the
                 Workplace\/}}, looking for insights on how academic
                 training intersects with writing in industry. He finds
                 that schools need to teach about time and budget
                 constraints as well as drafting techniques if students
                 are to be adequately prepared for work life. And he
                 concludes that the open, egalitarian environment that
                 writers seek when they move from school to work must be
                 justified in economic terms if business practice is to
                 change.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{Johnson:1997:WNE,
  author =       "Bob Johnson",
  title =        "{{\em The Wired Neighborhood:\/}} An Extended
                 Multimedia Conversation",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "1",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "This is the first of three related, comparative review
                 essays in which students or teachers of rhetoric
                 analyze Stephen Doheny-Farina's book {{\em The Wired
                 Neighborhood\/}} (Yale, 1996). Graham focuses on the
                 social implications of networked computing, giving
                 special attention to Doheny-Farina's claims about the
                 possible negative effects of networking on local
                 schools (because of distance education) and on
                 work-place organization (because of telecommuting).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Graham:1997:HHC,
  author =       "Becky Graham",
  title =        "Hitting Home: Communication Technologies and the
                 Everyday",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--7",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Rubingh:1997:WCN,
  author =       "Mike Rubingh",
  title =        "What Computer Networks Can't Do",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "8--10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In this second of three related, comparative review
                 essays, Rubingh draws many striking parallels between
                 Doheny-Farina's skeptical claims about computer
                 networks and the similarly skeptical claims about
                 artificial intelligence presented by philosopher Hubert
                 Dreyfus in his 1972 book on {{\em What Computers Can't
                 Do.\/}} Both authors argue that overlooking the
                 importance of geography and physical place leads to
                 serious conceptual problems with computers and with
                 their simulations of real-life activities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Allen:1997:WNO,
  author =       "Nancy Allen and Ann Blakeslee",
  title =        "{{\em The Wired Neighborhood:\/}} An Online
                 Conversation",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11--15",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Allen and Blakeslee construct this third in a series
                 of three comparative review essays in dialog format, so
                 they can conversationally undermine some of
                 Doheny-Farina's pessimism about computer networks. They
                 contend that not only do networks promote
                 geographically scattered professional communities whose
                 members could not otherwise collaborate easily, but
                 networks also sometimes reinforce natural, local
                 communities (towns or school districts) as well.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Doheny-Farina:1997:ISD,
  author =       "Stephen Doheny-Farina",
  title =        "Interview with Stephen Doheny-Farina",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--19",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Author Doheny-Farina comments on all his {{\em Wired
                 Neighborhood\/}} commentators in an interview that
                 immediately follows the three review essays.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Reece:1997:PSTb,
  author =       "Gloria A. Reece",
  title =        "Performance Systems Technology and Computer-Based
                 Instruction (Part {II})",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20--25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In this second part of her comprehensive
                 literature-awareness essay (Part I appeared in the
                 August issue), Reece completes her comparison of the
                 two title topics by summarizing several decades in
                 their parallel literature. One detailed table surveys
                 the history of hypertext systems. A second catalogs
                 dozens of journals related to instructional technology.
                 And two other tables graphically summarize key PST and
                 CBI functions and roles.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Dowhal:1997:SDA,
  author =       "Danny Dowhal",
  title =        "A Seven-Dimensional Approach to Graphics",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "26--37",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the course of this introductory conceptual tour for
                 documentation professionals, Dowhal perceptively and
                 systematically explains, contrasts, and illustrates the
                 design value of points (pixels), lines (vectors),
                 shapes, 2-D graphics that simulate 3-D graphics, true
                 3-D models, simulated motion, actual animated graphics,
                 and visual material enhanced with emotion, sound, or
                 human interaction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Girill:1997:TCSb,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Table of Contents Service for {{\em Journal of
                 Business and Technical Communication}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "21",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--44",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1997",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Document processing software always assumes one or
                 another ``model of text.'' The authors of this
                 reprinted classic paper, originally published in the
                 {{\em Journal of Computing in Higher Education\/}} in
                 1990, compare six different text models to argue that
                 the intellectually strongest as well as the most
                 practical is an ``ordered hierarchy of content
                 objects'' (OHCO). This model also supports SGML.
                 Accompanying this reprint are three commentaries that
                 explore its assumptions and weaknesses. S. Selber
                 contends that the OHCO model is ``arhetorical'' (pp.
                 26-31). C. Hill notes that HTML confuses the style and
                 content issues raised here (pp. 32-35). And R. S. Dicks
                 thinks the OHCO approach ignores the graphical aspects
                 of text (pp. 36-39). In a closing response, the
                 original authors retrospectively review their earlier
                 claims and reply to each commentator's suggestions (pp.
                 40-44).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mirel:1998:II,
  author =       "Barbara Mirel",
  title =        "Introduction to this Issue",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--4",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Bader and Nyce draw on their own experience as
                 ethnographers advising those who develop educational
                 software to argue that ``it seems unlikely that
                 cultural analysis [of software users] will ever become
                 part of the tool kit developers and programmers
                 habitually draw upon,'' primarily because ``there
                 is...a demonstrable, fundamental gap between the
                 [rule-governed] knowledge the development community
                 values and [the concrete details] which cultural
                 analysis yields.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bader:1998:WOS,
  author =       "Gail Bader and James M. Nyce",
  title =        "When Only the Self is Real: Theory and Practice in the
                 Development Community",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--10",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1998:RV,
  author =       "Geoffrey C. Bowker",
  title =        "A Room With a View",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--12",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the first of four analytical commentaries that
                 follow Bader and Nyce's focal paper, Geoffrey Bowker
                 offers several counterexamples and suggests the problem
                 involves more impatience than deep epistemological
                 differences.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Dillon:1998:CAW,
  author =       "Andrew Dillon",
  title =        "Cultural Analysis and What Designers Need To Know",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--17",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In a second commentary on Bader and Nyce, Andrew
                 Dillon points out that ``the leap from [ethnographic]
                 data to design implication is complex'' and that
                 software engineers should not be faulted for making
                 this leap only with care.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Rosson:1998:SDP,
  author =       "Mary Beth Rosson",
  title =        "Synthesizing Diverse Perspectives",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18--19",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In a third commentary on Bader and Nyce, Mary Beth
                 Rosson thinks that cultural analysts who employ known
                 ``techniques to ensure sharing and synthesis'' can
                 indeed influence software development.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Simonsen:1998:MRE,
  author =       "Jesper Simonsen and Finn Kensing",
  title =        "Make Room for Ethnography in Design!",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "20--30",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In a fourth commentary on Bader and Nyce, Jesper
                 Simonsen and Finn Kensing provide their own detailed
                 review of recent projects to argue that, in long-term
                 commercial and educational collaborations,
                 ethnographers can slowly but significantly guide
                 software design by expanding the horizons of software
                 designers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Nardi:1998:CCC,
  author =       "Bonnie A. Nardi",
  title =        "Concepts of Cognition and Consciousness: Four Voices",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--48",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In a thorough comparative awareness essay enlivened by
                 dry humor and examples drawn from her own career as an
                 applied anthropologist at Apple Computer, Nardi
                 describes the strengths and weaknesses of four theories
                 of consciousness and human cognition: neuroscience,
                 cognitive science, distributed cognition theory, and
                 (her own preference) activity theory. This is a
                 perceptive introductory tour of a very diverse
                 literature, but it also frequently touches on concrete
                 issues in human-computer interaction: ``If you design
                 mediating tools for others (such as computer hardware
                 or software),'' notes Nardi for example, ``you are also
                 responsible, in part, for the consciousness of others''
                 according to activity theory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Haramundanis:1998:NS,
  author =       "Kathy Haramundanis",
  title =        "News of the {SIG}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "49--51",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Introduces the SIGDOC officers elected (or appointed)
                 in mid 1997, and describes the expanded SIGDOC web
                 site.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{Vick:1998:PPC,
  author =       "Rita Vick",
  title =        "Perspectives on and Problems with Computer-Mediated
                 Teamwork: Current Groupware Issues and Assumptions",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--22",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Technologies designed to facilitate teamwork,
                 especially among physically dispersed teams, are well
                 known but little used. This paper explores the
                 conceptual background for such ``groupware'' and for
                 the resistance to using it, especially among
                 cross-cultural team members at global corporations.
                 Recognized groupware problems include the heavy
                 cognitive burden of learning new software, excessive
                 note keeping, organizational lethargy, and conflicts
                 with the company reward system. Apparent differences
                 among world cultures seem another likely barrier to
                 international adoption of groupware, but this has
                 received little empirical study. Vick proposes
                 experiments to detect whether cultural diversity helps
                 or impedes teamwork, and whether groupware helps or
                 hinders cross-cultural teams. Immediately following
                 Vick's paper, three commentators explore its
                 implications. Brent Auernheimer (23-26) points out that
                 (international) software engineering teams provide good
                 test cases for assessing groupware value. J. C.
                 Nordbotten (27-29) agrees that past studies have
                 neglected distributed and heterogeneous teams, but
                 notes the problems of designing sound experiments on
                 this topic. Finally, Raymond Panko and Susan Kinney
                 (30-33) report studies of their own showing that the
                 more satisfied team members are with their current
                 work, the less incentive they have to adopt demanding,
                 expensive new technologies such as groupware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Auernheimer:1998:GPC,
  author =       "Brent Auernheimer",
  title =        "{GSS}, Professional Culture, Geography, and Software
                 Engineering",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23--26",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the first of three commentaries on Vick,
                 Auernheimer points out that international software
                 engineering teams themselves provide good test cases
                 for assessing the value of groupware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Needham:1998:ETV,
  author =       "Russell K. Needham",
  title =        "{Edward Tufte}'s {{\em Visual Explanations\/}}: {A}
                 Tapestry of Images, Comparisons, and Principles",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23--26",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Needham notes that while Tufte's book is rich in
                 examples, its real strength is in his extraction of
                 general design principles from them that have
                 pedagogical value.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Nordbotten:1998:PGC,
  author =       "J. C. Nordbotten",
  title =        "Perspectives on Groupware for Cross-Cultural Teams",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "27--29",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the second of three commentaries on Vick,
                 Nordbotten agrees that past studies have neglected
                 distributed and heterogeneous teams, but notes the
                 problems of designing really effective experiments on
                 this topic.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{R:1998:STA,
  author =       "{Panko, Raymond R.} and Susan T. Kinney",
  title =        "Satisfaction, Technology Adoption, and Performance in
                 Project Teams",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30--33",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the third of three commentaries on Vick, Panko and
                 Kinney report their own studies showing that the more
                 satisfied team members are with their current work, the
                 less incentive they have to adopt demanding, expensive
                 new technologies such as groupware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Johnson:1998:VMC,
  author =       "Robert. R. Johnson",
  title =        "Visual Meaning: Commentaries on the Continuing
                 Influence of Edward {R}. Tufte",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "34",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Introduction to this issue's book commentaries.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Allen:1998:PVE,
  author =       "Nancy Allen",
  title =        "Perspectives on {{\em Visual Explanations}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--38",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Allen raises three questions about the rhetorical
                 character of Tufte's analysis of visual displays.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Marcus:1998:MDU,
  author =       "Aaron Marcus",
  title =        "Metaphor Design in User Interfaces",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "43--57",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Marcus draws on his considerable consulting experience
                 to give a practitioner's tour of metaphor use in
                 computer interfaces. He introduces the relevant terms
                 and distinctions as background, then summarizes the
                 history of metaphors in computing, noting both
                 advantages (borrowed familiarity) and disadvantages
                 (failure to transfer easily across cultures). The
                 discussion culminates in a detailed, thoroughly
                 illustrated case study of how Marcus and his colleagues
                 iteratively developed suitable metaphors for use in
                 software to assist travel agents. He also includes over
                 two dozen references on metaphor related to user
                 interfaces.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Bennett:1998:SCU,
  author =       "Laurie Bennett",
  title =        "{SIGDOC98} Conference Update",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "58--60",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Where to find program and Quebec City information.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{Atlas:1998:UEM,
  author =       "Marshall Atlas",
  title =        "The User Edit: Making Manuals Easier to Use",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--6",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "This classic reprint makes available again the
                 concise, innovative, 1981 paper in which Marshall Atlas
                 explains the design benefits of tracking with protocol
                 analysis the attempts of an actual user to try
                 following the instructions in a draft manual before the
                 manual's first version is published. Immediately
                 following Atlas's paper, three commentators explore its
                 implications. Karen Schriver (7-11) examines how such
                 usability testing developed and became an
                 institutionalized part of document design in the
                 decades following Atlas's suggestion. John R. Hayes
                 (12-14) worries that misguided cost-cutting often
                 causes manufacturing firms and school districts to skip
                 ``user edits'' and end up with unproductive hardware
                 and software. And Nina Wishbow (15-20) notes the
                 practical, training value of the user edit in revealing
                 crucial missing information and related flaws that are
                 hard to detect by other means. Atlas responds to the
                 commentators with his own (21-24) retrospective look at
                 the discovery, explanation, and fate of user edits.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "classic reprint",
}

@Article{Schriver:1998:RAU,
  author =       "Karen Schriver",
  title =        "Reflecting on {Atlas}'s {User Edit}: Changes in
                 Thinking About Usability Between 1981 and 1998",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--11",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the first of three commentaries on Atlas, Schriver
                 examines how such usability testing developed and
                 became an institutionalized part of document design in
                 the decades following Atlas's suggestion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Hayes:1998:AUE,
  author =       "John R. Hayes",
  title =        "{Atlas}'s {`The User Edit'}: The Impact on Product
                 Assessment",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "12--14",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the second of three commentaries on Atlas, Hayes
                 worries that misguided cost-cutting often causes
                 manufacturing firms and school districts to skip ``user
                 edits'' and end up with unproductive hardware and
                 software.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Wishbow:1998:SLT,
  author =       "Nina Wishbow",
  title =        "Still Looking for Trouble: Commentary on {Marshall
                 Atlas}'s {`The User Edit'}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15--20",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the third of three commentaries on Atlas, Wishbow
                 notes the practical, training value of the user edit in
                 revealing crucial missing information and related flaws
                 that are hard to detect by other means.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Atlas:1998:UER,
  author =       "Marshall Atlas",
  title =        "The {User Edit} Revisited, or If We're So Smart, Why
                 Ain't We Rich?",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "24--26",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Atlas responds to the three commentators on his
                 original paper with his own retrospective look at the
                 discovery, explanation, and fate of user edits.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Zimmerman:1998:LFS,
  author =       "Beverly B. Zimmerman",
  title =        "{Linda Flower} and Social Cognition: Constructing a
                 View of the Writing Process",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25--37",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Linda Flower has published abundantly about what
                 (student) writers do and think as they write. Beverly
                 Zimmerman's awareness essay analytically and
                 systematically surveys this literature. Her goal is to
                 trace how Flower's original problem-solving treatment
                 evolved into a ``social cognitive model'' as Flower
                 sought to balance the personal and conceptual aspects
                 of writing with the increasingly popular view that
                 writing is a social process shaped by external,
                 cultural forces. Conclusion: ``...neither social nor
                 cognitive [writing] theory makes genuine sense without
                 the other.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Girill:1998:TCS,
  author =       "T. R. Girill",
  title =        "Table of Contents Service for (the other) {{\em
                 Journal of Documentation}}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "38--63",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Program summary and registration details for the
                 annual conference.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Galt:1998:SPT,
  author =       "Phyllis Galt",
  title =        "{SIGDOC98} Program, Travel, and Registration News",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "64--70",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{Wright:1998:DIS,
  author =       "Patricia Wright",
  title =        "Designing Information-Supported Performance: The Scope
                 for Graphics",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--10",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Using three psychological studies of the role of
                 graphics in three different documentation projects to
                 illustrate her points, Wright argues against the
                 popular cliche of seeking a standard ``best practice''
                 to solve documentation problems. She suggests as more
                 beneficial the thoughtful balancing of design tradeoffs
                 by carefully exploiting the boundary conditions
                 specific to each project, using a ``map'' of past
                 research for guidance. Immediately following Wright's
                 paper, four commentators explore its implications.
                 Russell Borland (11-15) looks closely at just how
                 research ``maps'' of various structures and
                 granularities might actually support managing design
                 tradeoffs. Thomas Williams and Judith Ramey (16-20)
                 consider the difficulty of thoroughly representing the
                 documentation ``knowledge matrix'' in a way that both
                 researchers and practitioners will find helpful. And
                 Thyra Rauch (21-25) argues that long-term social
                 studies of users and their task domains may be
                 sufficient to guide documentation tradeoffs in
                 practice.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Borland:1998:PUM,
  author =       "Russell Borland",
  title =        "Pushing Us Into the Map",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "11--15",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 09:23:18 2000",
  abstract =     "In the first of three commentaries on Wright, Russell
                 Borland (11-15) looks closely at just how research
                 ``maps'' of various structures and granularities might
                 actually support managing design tradeoffs.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Ramey:1998:CW,
  author =       "Judith Ramey",
  title =        "Commentary on {Wright}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--20",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the second of three commentaries on Wright, Thomas
                 Williams and Judith Ramey (16-20) consider the
                 difficulty of thoroughly representing the documentation
                 ``knowledge matrix'' in a way that both researchers and
                 practitioners will find helpful.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Williams:1998:CW,
  author =       "Thomas Williams",
  title =        "Commentary on {Wright}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--20",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the second of three commentaries on Wright, Thomas
                 Williams and Judith Ramey (16-20) consider the
                 difficulty of thoroughly representing the documentation
                 ``knowledge matrix'' in a way that both researchers and
                 practitioners will find helpful.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Rauch:1998:DIU,
  author =       "Thyra Rauch",
  title =        "Designing Information for Users",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "21--25",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the third of three commentaries on Wright, Thyra
                 Rauch (21-25) argues that long-term social studies of
                 users and their task domains may be sufficient to guide
                 documentation tradeoffs in practice.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Jamieson:1998:UEP,
  author =       "Lauren Jamieson",
  title =        "Unveiling the Extraordinary Possibilities and Implicit
                 Threats of Online Communication",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--31",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the first of three coordinated analytical
                 commentaries on Laura Gurak's Persuasion and Privacy in
                 Cyberspace (Yale, 1997), Jamieson summarizes the book's
                 treatment of two protest movements that were conducted
                 almost entirely by electronic mail (concerning the
                 Lotus MarketPlace consumer database and, separately,
                 the Clipper chip approach to encryption policy).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Rosenberger:1998:AAC,
  author =       "Lisa Rosenberger",
  title =        "Audience Analysis in Cyberspace: Defining the
                 Invisible",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "32--36",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In this second of three related book commentaries on
                 Gurak's Persuasion and Privacy, Rosenberger shows the
                 relevance to online discussion of a traditional
                 rhetorical tool when she argues that ``while Gurak
                 never uses the phrase `audience analysis', her entire
                 book hinges on the concept.''",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Huse:1998:OCO,
  author =       "Heidi Huse",
  title =        "Is `Online Community' an Oxymoron or a New Reality?",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "37--44",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In this third of three related book commentaries, Huse
                 compares the two ``online communities'' of protesters
                 that formed during the two cases treated in Gurak's
                 Persuasion and Privacy. She finds (with Gurak) that
                 their ethos and their delivery patterns actually just
                 reflect, or ``perhaps even intensify,'' traditional
                 biases and gender patterns familiar in offline
                 discussion.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "book commentary",
}

@Article{Longo:1998:KPD,
  author =       "Bernadette Longo",
  title =        "Knowledge Production from Different Worlds: What Can
                 Happen When Technical Writers Speak for Engineers",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "45--53",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Longo traces the historical path of technical writing
                 since 1900 in the United States to show that while
                 before World War II most technical writers were
                 engineers explaining their own work, after World War II
                 they became mostly humanities-trained communication
                 specialists explaining the work of others. Recently,
                 some engineering schools and writing programs have
                 sought to reclaim this ``knowledge making'' role for
                 engineers themselves, and Longo closes by offering her
                 assessment of this rhetorical trend.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Selber:1998:CPA,
  author =       "Stuart Selber",
  title =        "Call for Papers for {ACM} {SIGDOC} 1999",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "22",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "54--56",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1998",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "How to contribute to the program of the SIGDOC 1999
                 annual conference.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{Valentino:1999:ITW,
  author =       "Mattio Valentino",
  title =        "Information, Technical Writing, Knowledge, and Power",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--18",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In this paper Valentino reproduces and discusses Marin
                 County Resolution 97-20 (protesting NASA's launch of
                 the Cassini spacecraft on which 72 pounds of plutonium
                 were used to generate power) and NASA's informal and
                 formal responses to that resolution (in which they
                 summarize the technical arguments for Cassini's
                 safety). His rhetorical analysis of these documents
                 concludes that those ``fluent in the privileged
                 discourse of science'' have disproportionate influence
                 on public policy, even when health threats are
                 involved. Three open commentaries accompany Valentino's
                 article. In the first, Gregory Clark argues that ``it
                 is not the authority of knowledge'' that dominates
                 public policy, but rather ``the authority of
                 expertise,'' which comes primarily from institutional
                 affiliation (19-21). In the second, Regina Lundgren
                 contends that ``their use of technical and bureaucratic
                 language'' often actually isolates scientists from
                 power and from influence over democratic decision
                 making (22-24). In the third, Larry Shuman shows by
                 using public documents that the facts of the
                 Marin/Cassini safety dispute fail to support the
                 analysis that Valentino offers (25-27).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Clark:1999:TWA,
  author =       "Gregory Clark",
  title =        "Technical Writing and the Authority of Expertise",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "19--21",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the first of three commentaries on Valentino,
                 Gregory Clark argues that ``it is not the authority of
                 knowledge'' that dominates public policy, but rather
                 ``the authority of expertise,'' which comes primarily
                 from institutional affiliation (19-21).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Lundgren:1999:BP,
  author =       "Regina Lundgren",
  title =        "Balance of Power",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--24",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the second of three commentaries on Valentino,
                 Regina Lundgren contends that ``their use of technical
                 and bureaucratic language'' often actually isolates
                 scientists from power and from influence over
                 democratic decision making (22-24).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Kayten:1999:CCS,
  author =       "Gerald Kayten",
  title =        "Commentary on a Case Study of {NASA}'s {Cassini
                 Project}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--27",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the third of three commentaries on Valentino, Larry
                 Shuman and Gerald Kayten show by using public documents
                 that the facts of the Marin/Cassini safety dispute fail
                 to support the analysis that Valentino offers
                 (25-27).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Shuman:1999:CCS,
  author =       "Larry Shuman",
  title =        "Commentary on a Case Study of {NASA}'s {Cassini
                 Project}",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--27",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "In the third of three commentaries on Valentino, Larry
                 Shuman and Gerald Kayten show by using public documents
                 that the facts of the Marin/Cassini safety dispute fail
                 to support the analysis that Valentino offers
                 (25-27).",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "commentary",
}

@Article{Wishbow:1999:HSH,
  author =       "Nina Wishbow",
  title =        "Home Sweet Home? Where Do Technical Communication
                 Departments Belong",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "28--34",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Wishbow takes up the influential but often neglected
                 problem of where technical communication departments
                 should best be located within the structure of large
                 corporations or agencies. She systematically compares
                 six different ways to place technical communicators in
                 an organization, explicitly listing the varied
                 strengths and weaknesses of each alternative and
                 drawing out their social, political, and financial
                 consequences.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "awareness essay",
}

@Article{Haramundanis:1999:LBL,
  author =       "Kathy Haramundanis",
  title =        "Looking Backward, Looking Forward",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "35--36",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Notes from the SIGDOC chair.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "news",
}

@Article{Guzdial:1999:SLU,
  author =       "Mark Guzdial",
  title =        "Supporting Learners as Users",
  journal =      j-ASTERISK,
  volume =       "23",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--13",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1999",
  CODEN =        "ASTRF7",
  ISSN =         "0731-1001",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 06 08:46:56 2000",
  bibsource =    "http://web.mit.edu/tps/www/NL/SIGDOC_WWW/jcdtoc/sigtoc.html",
  abstract =     "Guzdial points out the demanding hierarchy of
                 educational goals that confront students whenever they
                 ``are in the position of being users of unmodified
                 software like that used by professionals in their
                 field, while they are still learning the [basic]
                 knowledge of professionals in the field'' (7). He then
                 explains two fairly inexpensive scaffolding techniques
                 that have helped compensate for these demands in his
                 classes: (1) sharing a case library with each case
                 ``presented at multiple levels of detail,'' and (2)
                 starting a collaborative web site where students
                 exchange problem-solving examples. Both techniques
                 improved student motivation as well as information.
                 Three open commentaries immediately follow Guzdial's
                 paper. In the first, Andrea diSessa argues for a more
                 revolutionary ``literacy model,'' in which students
                 learn ``one very rich piece of software, a