%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "1.14",
%%%     date            = "21 March 2007",
%%%     time            = "14:49:48 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "ieeeannhistcomput.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "34562 12172 41635 415026",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "BibTeX; bibliography; IEEE Annals of the
%%%                        History of Computing",
%%%     license         = "public domain",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a COMPLETE bibliography of the
%%%                        quarterly journal IEEE Annals of the History
%%%                        of Computing (CODEN IAHCEX, ISSN 1058-6180),
%%%                        which began publishing with volume 14, number
%%%                        1, in 1992 as the continuation of the journal
%%%                        Annals of the History of Computing (CODEN
%%%                        AHCOE5, ISSN 0164-1239), published by
%%%                        Springer-Verlag for the American Federation
%%%                        of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS).
%%%                        That journal started with volume 1, number 1,
%%%                        in July 1979.  No coverage is yet available
%%%                        for it.
%%%
%%%                        There is a World Web Wide site for this
%%%                        journal at
%%%
%%%                            http://www.computer.org/pubs/annals
%%%                            http://computer.org/annals
%%%
%%%                        with (pagenumber-less) tables of contents,
%%%                        links to article abstracts, subject and
%%%                        author indexes for 1992--date, and
%%%                        occasionally, links to full text of selected
%%%                        articles.  That data, and the IEEE Xplore
%%%                        database, serves as the primary source of
%%%                        data for this bibliography.
%%%
%%%                        At version 1.14, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1946 (   1)    1967 (   0)    1988 (   0)
%%%                             1950 (   0)    1971 (   0)    1992 (  58)
%%%                             1951 (   0)    1972 (   0)    1993 (  48)
%%%                             1952 (   0)    1973 (   0)    1994 (  37)
%%%                             1953 (   0)    1974 (   0)    1995 (  29)
%%%                             1954 (   0)    1975 (   0)    1996 (  50)
%%%                             1955 (   0)    1976 (   0)    1997 (  33)
%%%                             1956 (   0)    1977 (   0)    1998 (  43)
%%%                             1957 (   0)    1978 (   0)    1999 (  45)
%%%                             1958 (   0)    1979 (   0)    2000 (  49)
%%%                             1959 (   0)    1980 (   0)    2001 (  46)
%%%                             1960 (   0)    1981 (   0)    2002 (  46)
%%%                             1961 (   0)    1982 (   0)    2003 (  47)
%%%                             1962 (   0)    1983 (   0)    2004 (  46)
%%%                             1963 (   0)    1984 (   0)    2005 (  49)
%%%                             1964 (   0)    1985 (   0)    2006 (  53)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        679
%%%                             Book:             1
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  680
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted in
%%%                        publication order, using ``bibsort
%%%                        -byvolume''.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT  = "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"}

@String{j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT = "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids
                                  to Computation"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries:

@Article{Goldstine:1946:ENI,
  author =       "H. H. Goldstine and Adele Goldstine",
  title =        "The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
                 ({ENIAC})",
  journal =      j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT,
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "15",
  pages =        "97--110",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1946",
  CODEN =        "MTTCAS",
  ISSN =         "0891-6837",
  bibdate =      "Tue Oct 13 08:44:19 MDT 1998",
  bibsource =    "JSTOR database",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:AIa,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grosch:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Herb Grosch",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {O, AFIPS}!",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "6--7",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hyman:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Anthony Hyman",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: The Private {Babbage}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Berg:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Herman Berg",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: On Locating the
                 {Babbage-Quetelet} Letter",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--9",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hall:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Charles Hall",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {A} Mechanical Delay
                 Line?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "9--9",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:ITL,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Introduction: Time Line",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "13--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1013.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:CTS,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Claims to the Term ``Time-Sharing''",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "16--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a1016abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:B,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee and John McCarthy and J. C. R.
                 Licklider",
  title =        "The Beginnings at {MIT}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Rosin:1992:CQD}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1018.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:CCT,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{CTSS} --- The {Compatible Time-Sharing System}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "31--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1031.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rosin:1992:CI,
  author =       "Robert Rosin and J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "The {CTSS} Interviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "33--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a1033abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1033.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:RBa,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "References and Bibliography",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "52--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1052.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1992:Ha,
  author =       "Judy O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1992:Aa,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1056.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:Ba,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "61--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1061.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1992:Ra,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "69--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:53 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a1069.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:AIb,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1992:IPa,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:BPA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Biographies of Participants and Authors",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:PM,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{Project MAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2009.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:PMI,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee and Robert Rosin",
  title =        "The {Project MAC} Interviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "14--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a2014abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2014.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:SI,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "The Social Impact",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "36--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2036.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:PF,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Prolog to the Future",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "42--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2042.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:RBb,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "References and Bibliography",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "49--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2049.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Randell:1992:RBP,
  author =       "B. Randell",
  title =        "Reunion at {Bletchley Park}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--53",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxnote =       "Check: page number overlap with
                 \cite{ONeill:1992:Hb}.",
}

@Article{ONeill:1992:Hb,
  author =       "Judy O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "51--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2051.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1992:Ab,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:Bb,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "56--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2056.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1992:Rb,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "60--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a2060.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:AIc,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1992:IPb,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss and Mervin Frank",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {A} Mechanical Delay
                 Line?",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eklund:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Jon Eklund",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: The Final Word on {`The
                 Bug'}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--7",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1992:CQDa,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: The Size of the
                 {Hollerith} Punched Card",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Carter:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Robert Donald Carter",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {German} Ferrite Cores
                 from {World War II}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8--8",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Rosin:1992:CQD,
  author =       "Robert F. Rosin",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Time-Sharing at {MIT}
                 (Correction)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "8--8",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  note =         "See \cite{Lee:1992:B}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Crawford:1992:AS,
  author =       "David J. Crawford and Philip E. {Fox (ed.)}",
  title =        "The {Autoscritcher} and the {Superscritcher}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a3009abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3009.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bletchley Park; cryptography",
}

@Article{vandenEnde:1992:TCN,
  author =       "Jan van den Ende",
  title =        "Tidal Calculations in {The Netherlands}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "23--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a3023abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3023.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grattan-Guinness:1992:CBA,
  author =       "I. Grattan-Guinness",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} as an Algorithmic Thinker",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a3034abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1992:Hc,
  author =       "Judy O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "49--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3049.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1992:Ac,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "52--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3052.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:Bc,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1992:Rc,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a3077.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1992:AId,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1992:IPc,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1992:CQDb,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: More on Mechanical
                 Delay Lines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1992:ICU,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "Introduction: Computing at the {University of
                 Cambridge}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "8--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4008.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:1992:ECS,
  author =       "Mary G. Croarken",
  title =        "The Emergence of Computing Science Research and
                 Teaching at {Cambridge}, 1936--1949",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "10--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4010abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4010.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1992:ATE,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "The {Airy} Tape: An Early Chapter in the History of
                 Debugging",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4016abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4016.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wheeler:1992:AE,
  author =       "Joyce M. Wheeler",
  title =        "Applications of the {EDSAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4027abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4027.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wheeler:1992:EPS,
  author =       "David J. Wheeler",
  title =        "The {EDSAC} Programming Systems",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4034abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4034.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hemy:1992:ICM,
  author =       "John M. M. Pinkerton and Derek Hemy and Ernest H.
                 Lenaerts",
  title =        "The Influence of the {Cambridge Mathematical
                 Laboratory} on the {LEO} Project",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "41--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4041abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4041.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wilkes:1992:E,
  author =       "Maurice V. Wilkes",
  title =        "{EDSAC 2}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4049abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4049.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Needham:1992:LDC,
  author =       "Roger M. Needham",
  title =        "Later Developments at {Cambridge}: {Titan}, {CAP}, and
                 the {Cambridge Ring}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "57--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/a4057abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:HSC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "How to Start a Computer Museum: {Chinese} Calculators
                 Made During the {Kangxi} Reign in the {Quing} Dynasty",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "59--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1992:Bd,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "67--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4067.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1992:Rd,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:Ia,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "1991 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "78--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4078.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1992:Ib,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "1992 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "14",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "86--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1992",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1992/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1992/pdf/a4086.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:AIa,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:IPa,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grosch:1993:CQD,
  author =       "Herb Grosch",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {A} History of
                 Scientific Computation",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "7--9",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tropp:1993:CQD,
  author =       "Henry S. Tropp",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Turing}'s Visit to the
                 {United States}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--10",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  note =         "See correction \cite{Tropp:1995:CQD}.",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Godfrey:1993:CNP,
  author =       "M. D. Godfrey and D. F. Hendry",
  title =        "The Computer as {von Neumann} Planned It",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--21",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a1011abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1011.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1993:OUF,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "The Origins, Uses, and Fate of the {EDVAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "22--38",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a1022abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1022.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Carlson:1993:TIT,
  author =       "Walter M. Carlson",
  title =        "Transforming an Industry Through Information
                 Technology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "39--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a1039abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1039.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fisher:1993:DEB,
  author =       "Amy Weaver Fisher and James L. McKenney",
  title =        "The Development of the {ERMA} Banking System: Lessons
                 from History",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "44--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a1044abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1044.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1993:Ha,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "58--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1058.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1993:Aa,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "59--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1993:Ba,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1060.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Ceruzzi:1993:R,
  author =       "Paul Ceruzzi",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        jan # "--" # mar,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a1070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:AIb,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:IPb,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Jacobi:1993:CQD,
  author =       "George T. Jacobi",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Joe Desch}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bennett:1993:CQDa,
  author =       "J. M. Bennett",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Computing at the
                 {University of Cambridge}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--7",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Roberts:1993:CQD,
  author =       "C. J. D. Roberts",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Babbage} and
                 {Clement}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bennett:1993:CQDb,
  author =       "J. M. Bennett",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Still More on
                 Mechanical Delay Lines",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7--7",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Small:1993:GPE,
  author =       "James S. Small",
  title =        "General-Purpose Electronic Analog Computing:
                 1945--1965",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "8--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a2008abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2008.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Clymer:1993:MAC,
  author =       "A. Ben Clymer",
  title =        "The Mechanical Analog Computers of {Hannibal Ford} and
                 {William Newell}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "19--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a2019abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2019.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:EHA,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "{Edwin L. Harder} and the {Anacom}: Analog Computing
                 at {Westinghouse}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a2035abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2035.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1993:Hb,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "53--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2053.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1993:Ab,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "54--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2054.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1993:Bb,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1993:Ra,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "62--??",
  month =        apr # "--" # jun,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:54 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a2062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1993:AI,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:IPc,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:BWM,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "Birthday Wishes to {Maurice V. Wilkes}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1993:GI,
  author =       "Geof Bowker and Richard Giordano",
  title =        "General Introduction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pickstone:1993:MH,
  author =       "J. V. Pickstone and Geof Bowker",
  title =        "The {Manchester} Heritage",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3007abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Croarken:1993:BMC,
  author =       "Mary Croarken",
  title =        "The Beginnings of the {Manchester} Computer
                 Phenomenon: People and Influences",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "9--16",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3009abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3009.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1993:ITK,
  author =       "Geof Bowker and Richard Giordano",
  title =        "Interview with {Tom Kilburn}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "17--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3017abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3017.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Saunders:1993:ATB,
  author =       "P. T. Saunders",
  title =        "{Alan Turing} and Biology",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "33--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3033abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3033.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tweedale:1993:MCP,
  author =       "Geoffrey Tweedale",
  title =        "A {Manchester} Computer Pioneer: {Ferranti} in
                 Retrospect",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "37--43",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3037abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3037.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lavington:1993:MCA,
  author =       "Simon H. Lavington",
  title =        "{Manchester} Computer Architectures, 1948--1975",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "44--54",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3044abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3044.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Giordano:1993:ICR,
  author =       "Richard Giordano",
  title =        "Institutional Change and Regeneration: {A} Biography
                 of the {Computer Science Department} at the {University
                 of Manchester}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a3055abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1993:Bc,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1993:Rb,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "72--??",
  month =        jul # "--" # sep,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a3072.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1993:AIc,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1993:IPd,
  author =       "William Aspray",
  title =        "From {IEEE}'s Perspective",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Todd:1993:CQD,
  author =       "John Todd",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Alwin Walther}
                 (1898--1967)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--6",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McKenney:1993:MEB,
  author =       "James L. McKenney and Amy Weaver Fisher",
  title =        "Manufacturing the {ERMA} Banking System: Lessons from
                 History",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a4007abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4007.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vonNeumann:1993:FDR,
  author =       "John von Neumann",
  title =        "First Draft of a Report on the {EDVAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--75",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  note =         "Edited and corrected by Michael D. Godfrey.",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/a4027abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4027.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  xxpages =      "27--??",
}

@Article{ONeill:1993:Hc,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1993:Ac,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "79--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4079.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1993:Bd,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "84--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4084.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1993:Rc,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "87--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4087.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1993:I,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "1993 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "15",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "89--??",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1993",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1993/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1993/pdf/a4089.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1994:AIa,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Crowe:1994:LBS,
  author =       "Gregory D. Crowe and Seymour E. Goodman",
  title =        "{S. A. Lebedev} and the Birth of {Soviet} Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a1004abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fritz:1994:EPS,
  author =       "W. Barkley Fritz",
  title =        "{ENIAC} --- {A} Problem Solver",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--45",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a1025abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1025.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Elzen:1994:SLS,
  author =       "Boelie Elzen and Donald MacKenzie",
  title =        "The Social Limits of Speed: The Development and Use of
                 Supercomputers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "46--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a1046abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1046.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eklund:1994:RAA,
  author =       "Jon Eklund",
  title =        "The {Reservisor Automated Airline Reservation System}:
                 Combining Communications and Computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "62--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a1062abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1994:H,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1994:Ba,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "71--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1071.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1994:Ra,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weierud:1994:RCI,
  author =       "Frode Weierud",
  title =        "Reviews: {{\em Codebreakers: The Inside Story of
                 Bletchley Park}} --- A Book Review",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "78--79",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a1076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1994:UFU,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "{UTEC} and {Ferut}: The {University of Toronto}'s
                 {Computation Centre}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2004abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Hume:1994:DSS,
  author =       "J. N. Patterson Hume",
  title =        "Development of Systems Software for the {Ferut}
                 Computer at the {University of Toronto}, 1952 to 1955",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2013abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2013.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Vardalas:1994:DFT,
  author =       "John Vardalas",
  title =        "From {DATAR} to the {FP-6000}: Technological Change in
                 a {Canadian} Industrial Context",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2020abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2020.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dornian:1994:RTC,
  author =       "Alan Dornian",
  title =        "{ReserVec}: {Trans-Canada Air Lines}' Computerized
                 Reservation System",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2031abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2031.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Petiot:1994:DGD,
  author =       "Linda Petiot",
  title =        "{Dirty Gertie}: The {DRTE} Computer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "43--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a2043abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2043.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1994:Bb,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "55--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2055.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1994:Rb,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "73--??",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:55 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a2073.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1994:AIb,
  author =       "John A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Dumey:1994:CQD,
  author =       "Arnold I. Dumey",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: {Scritchers}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--4",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  keywords =     "Bletchley Park; cryptography",
}

@Article{Campbell-Kelly:1994:CBA,
  author =       "Martin Campbell-Kelly",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage} and the Assurance of Lives",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "5--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3005abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3005.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{vandenEnde:1994:NFP,
  author =       "Jan van den Ende",
  title =        "The Number Factory: Punched-Card Machines at the
                 {Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "15--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3015abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3015.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Luebke:1994:LVO,
  author =       "David Martin Luebke and Sybil Milton",
  title =        "Locating the Victim: An Overview of Census-Taking,
                 Tabulation Technology, and Persecution in {Nazi
                 Germany}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "25--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3025abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3025.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Krull:1994:OCG,
  author =       "Fred N. Krull",
  title =        "The Origin of Computer Graphics within {General
                 Motors}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "40--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a3040abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3040.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1994:Ha,
  author =       "Geoffrey C. Bowker",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "57--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1994:A,
  author =       "James E. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "59--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1994:Bc,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "61--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3061.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1994:Rc,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "70--??",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a3070.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1994:AI,
  author =       "Michael R. Williams",
  title =        "About this Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4003.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bergin:1994:SIP,
  author =       "Thomas J. Bergin",
  title =        "Special Issue on Programming Languages",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4004.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Randell:1994:OCP,
  author =       "Brian Randell",
  title =        "The Origins of Computer Programming",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "6--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4006abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4006.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cowlishaw:1994:EHR,
  author =       "Mike Cowlishaw",
  title =        "The Early History of {REXX}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "15--24",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4015abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4015.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Holmevik:1994:CSH,
  author =       "Jan Rune Holmevik",
  title =        "Compiling {SIMULA}: {A} Historical Study of
                 Technological Genesis",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "25--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4025abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4025.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Whiting:1994:HDF,
  author =       "Paul G. Whiting and Robert S. V. Pascoe",
  title =        "A History of Data-Flow Languages",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "38--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4038abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4038.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Aspray:1994:AAS,
  author =       "William Aspray and Bernard O. Williams",
  title =        "Arming {American} Scientists: {NSF} and the Provision
                 of Scientific Computing Facilities for Universities,
                 1950--1973",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/a4060abs.htm;
                 http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4060.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1994:Hb,
  author =       "Geoffrey C. Bowker",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "75--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4075.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1994:Bd,
  author =       "Eric A. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "76--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1994:Rd,
  author =       "Peggy A. Kidwell",
  title =        "Reviews",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "88--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4088.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1994:I,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "1994 Index",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "95--??",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1994",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 06:22:56 MDT 2001",
  bibsource =    "http://www.computer.org/annals/an1994/",
  URL =          "http://dlib.computer.org/an/books/an1994/pdf/a4095.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1995:YAB,
  author =       "John A. N. Lee and Golde Holtzman",
  title =        "50 Years After Breaking the Codes: Interviews with Two
                 of the {Bletchley Park} Scientists",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "32--43",
  month =        "????",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{DeWit:1995:CBH,
  author =       "D. {De Wit}",
  title =        "Caught between historical experience and high hopes:
                 automation at the {Dutch Postal Cheque and Clearing
                 Service}, 1950--1965",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "9--21",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8635/00380268.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{VanDenEnde:1995:CIO,
  author =       "J. {Van Den Ende}",
  title =        "Computers and industrial organization: early sources
                 of `just in time' production in the {Dutch} steel
                 industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "22--32",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8635/00380269.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kistermann:1995:WFA,
  author =       "F. W. Kistermann",
  title =        "The way to the first automatic sequence-controlled
                 calculator: the 1935 {DEHOMAG D 11} tabulator",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "33--49",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8635/00380270.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:JPE,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{J. Presper Eckert}, 1919--1995",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397053.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:JVA,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{John V. Atanasoff}, 1903--1995",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397052.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Buchholz:1995:CQD,
  author =       "Werner Buchholz",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Editorial Note:
                 {William Friedman}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397054.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tropp:1995:CQD,
  author =       "Henry S. Tropp",
  title =        "Comments, Queries, and Debate: Correction: {Turing}'s
                 Visit to the {United States}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "6--6",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  note =         "See \cite{Tropp:1993:CQD}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397054.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Mackenzie:1995:APH,
  author =       "D. Mackenzie",
  title =        "The automation of proof: a historical and sociological
                 exploration",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "7--29",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397057.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:R,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Resolution",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397058.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Copeland:1995:SDI,
  author =       "D. G. Copeland and R. O. Mason and J. L. McKenney",
  title =        "Sabre: the development of information-based competence
                 and execution of information-based competition",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "30--57",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397059.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Greenstein:1995:LCS,
  author =       "S. M. Greenstein",
  title =        "Lock-in and the costs of switching mainframe computer
                 vendors in the {US} federal government in the 1970s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "58--66",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397061.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Polachek:1995:HJM,
  author =       "H. Polachek",
  title =        "History of the journal {Mathematical Tables and other
                 Aids to Computation}, 1959--1965",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "67--74",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397062.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:GC,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Generations of calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397076.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1995:Ca,
  author =       "E. Swartzlander",
  title =        "Calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "75--77",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397063.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1995:A,
  author =       "J. Tomayko",
  title =        "Anecdotes",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397064.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:CM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "{Calvin Mooers} (1919--1994)",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "79",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397066.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Anonymous:1995:OCM,
  author =       "Anonymous",
  title =        "Obituaries: {Calvin Mooers}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "79",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397079.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1995:B,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "79",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:43 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/8988/00397065.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1995:AI,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "About this issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477429.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Swartzlander:1995:Cb,
  author =       "E. Swartzlander",
  title =        "Calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "4",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477430.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Seidel:1995:CBI,
  author =       "R. W. Seidel",
  title =        "{Charles Babbage Institute Director}'s Column",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477431.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Wood:1995:CSC,
  author =       "H. M. Wood",
  title =        "{Computer Society} Celebrates 50 Years",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "6",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477432.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1995:SKS,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "On {``Babbage and Kings''} and {``How sausage was
                 made''}: and now for the rest of the story",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "7--23",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477433.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1995:RFG,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "The rise and fall of the {General Electric
                 Corporation} computer department",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "24--45",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477434.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Oldfield:1995:GEE,
  author =       "H. R. Oldfield",
  title =        "{General Electric} enters the computer business ---
                 revisited",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "46--55",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477435.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Couleur:1995:CBC,
  author =       "J. Couleur",
  title =        "The core of the {Black Canyon Computer Corporation}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "56--60",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477436.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{McKenney:1995:DCM,
  author =       "J. L. McKenney",
  title =        "Developing a common machine language for banking: the
                 {ABA} technical subcommittee story",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "61--75",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477621.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{ONeill:1995:RAD,
  author =       "Judy E. O'Neill",
  title =        "The role of {ARPA} in the development of the
                 {ARPANET}, 1961--1972",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "17",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "76--81",
  month =        "Winter",
  year =         "1995",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10129/00477437.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1996:NE,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "New {EIC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476554.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Williams:1996:AI,
  author =       "M. R. Williams",
  title =        "About This Issue",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "4",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476555.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Winegrad:1996:CBM,
  author =       "D. Winegrad",
  title =        "Celebrating the birth of modern computing: the
                 fiftieth anniversary of a discovery at the {Moore
                 School of Engineering} of the {University of
                 Pennsylvania}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "5--9",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476556.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goldstine:1996:ENI,
  author =       "H. H. Goldstine and A. Goldstine",
  title =        "The {Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer}
                 ({ENIAC})",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "10--16",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 28 16:50:50 2003",
  note =         "Reprint of 1946 technical report and \cite{Goldstine:1946:ENI}.",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476557.pdf",
  abstract =     "It is our purpose in the succeeding pages to give a
                 brief description of the ENIAC and an indication of the
                 kinds of problems for which it can be used. This
                 general purpose electronic computing machine was
                 recently made public by the Army Ordnance Department
                 for which it was developed by the Moore School of
                 Electrical Engineering. The machine was developed
                 primarily for the purpose of calculating firing tablcs
                 for the armed forces. Its design is, however,
                 sufficiently general to permit the solution of a large
                 class of numerical problems which could hardly be
                 attempted by more conventional computing tools.\par

                 In order easily to obtain sufficient accuracy for
                 scientific computations, the ENIAC was designed as a
                 digital device. The equipment normally handles signed
                 10-digit numbers expressed in the decimal system. It
                 is, however, so constructed that operations with as
                 many as 20 digits are possible.\par

                 The machine is automatically sequenced in the sense
                 that all instructions needed to carry out a computation
                 are given to it before the computation commences. It
                 will be seen below how these instructions are given to
                 the machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Marcus:1996:EAE,
  author =       "Mitchell Marcus and Atsushi Akera",
  title =        "Exploring the Architecture of an Early Machine: The
                 Historical Relevance of the {ENIAC} Machine
                 Architecture",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "17--24",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:35:25 2002",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476558.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Eckstein:1996:JPE,
  author =       "P. Eckstein",
  title =        "{J. Presper Eckert}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "25--44",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476559.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Costello:1996:TBE,
  author =       "J. Costello",
  title =        "As the twig is bent: the early life of {John
                 Mauchly}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476560.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Grier:1996:EVS,
  author =       "D. A. Grier",
  title =        "The {ENIAC}, the verb ``to program'' and the emergence
                 of digital computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "51--55",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476561.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowker:1996:Ha,
  author =       "G. Bowker",
  title =        "Happenings",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "56",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476562.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:OGS,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "Obituaries: {Gerard Salton}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "67",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476564.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Smillie:1996:HCS,
  author =       "K. Smillie and E. Weiss",
  title =        "The History of Computing Science at the {University of
                 Alberta}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476568.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:GCT,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "{Grosch} Claims Title of {``Oldest Living
                 Computer''}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476567.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:NWM,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "{Neil Wiseman Memorial Fund}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "70",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476566.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Takahashi:1996:BHJ,
  author =       "S. Takahashi",
  title =        "A Brief History of the {Japanese} Computer Industry
                 Before 1985",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "76",
  month =        "Spring",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10202/00476569.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:KZO,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "{Konrad Zuse} Obituary",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489747.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Seidel:1996:GEI,
  author =       "R. W. Seidel",
  title =        "{Guest Editor}'s Introduction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "6",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00490111.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pugh:1996:CCIa,
  author =       "E. W. Pugh and W. Aspray",
  title =        "Creating the Computer Industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00490112.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Pugh:1996:CCIb,
  author =       "E. W. Pugh and W. Aspray",
  title =        "Creating the computer industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "7--17",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489720.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Cortada:1996:CAD,
  author =       "J. W. Cortada",
  title =        "Commercial applications of the digital computer in
                 {American} corporations, 1945--1995",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "18--29",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489721.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Usselman:1996:FCC,
  author =       "S. W. Usselman",
  title =        "Fostering a capacity for compromise: business,
                 government, and the stages of innovation in {American}
                 computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "30--39",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489748.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Norberg:1996:CCC,
  author =       "A. L. Norberg",
  title =        "Changing computing: the computing community and
                 {DARPA}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "40--53",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489723.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Lee:1996:SWF,
  author =       "J. A. N. Lee",
  title =        "{``Those who forget the lessons of history are doomed
                 to repeat it''}: or, Why {I} study the history of
                 computing",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "54--62",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489724.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:B,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "Biographies",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "67",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489725.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:BAR,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "{BYTE}, 20th Anniversary Report [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489727.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:CPR,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "Computing Perspectives [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Summer",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/10525/00489726.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Toole:1996:ABL,
  author =       "B. A. Toole",
  title =        "{Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace}, an analyst and
                 metaphysician",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "4--12",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511939.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Barkley-Fitz:1996:WE,
  author =       "W. Barkley-Fitz",
  title =        "The Women of {Eniac}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13--23",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Fri Nov 01 10:40:59 2002",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Fritz:1996:WE,
  author =       "W. B. Fritz",
  title =        "The women of {ENIAC}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "13--28",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511940.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Gurer:1996:WCE,
  author =       "D. W. Gurer",
  title =        "Women's contributions to early computing at the
                 {National Bureau of Standards}",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "29--35",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511941.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Goyal:1996:WCH,
  author =       "A. Goyal",
  title =        "Women in computing: historical roles, the perpetual
                 glass ceiling, and current opportunities",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "36--42",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511942.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Estrin:1996:WSC,
  author =       "T. Estrin",
  title =        "Women's studies and computer science: their
                 intersection",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "43--46",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511943.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Adam:1996:CGH,
  author =       "A. Adam",
  title =        "Constructions of gender in the history of artificial
                 intelligence",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "47--53",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511944.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:EHD,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "The Early History of Data Networks [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511945.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Kidwell:1996:ER,
  author =       "P. Kidwell",
  title =        "Enigma [Reviews]",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "77",
  month =        "Fall",
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11096/00511946.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Nyce:1996:GEI,
  author =       "J. M. Nyce",
  title =        "{Guest Editor}'s Introduction",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "3",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539910.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Bowles:1996:UTE,
  author =       "M. D. Bowles",
  title =        "{U.S.} technological enthusiasm and {British}
                 technological skepticism in the age of the analog
                 brain",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "5--15",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539911.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Holst:1996:SRO,
  author =       "P. A. Holst",
  title =        "{Svein Rosseland} and the {Oslo} analyzer",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "16--26",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539912.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Johansson:1996:EAC,
  author =       "M. Johansson",
  title =        "Early analog computers in {Sweden} --- with examples
                 from {Chalmers University of Technology} and the
                 {Swedish} aerospace industry",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "27--33",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539913.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Owens:1996:WWG,
  author =       "L. Owens",
  title =        "Where are we going, {Phil Morse}? {Changing} agendas
                 and the rhetoric of obviousness in the transformation
                 of computing at {MIT}, 1939--1957",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "34--41",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539914.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tympas:1996:DAB,
  author =       "A. Tympas",
  title =        "From digital to analog and back: the ideology of
                 intelligent machines in the history of the electrical
                 analyzer, 1870s--1960s",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "42--48",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539915.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Puchta:1996:RMM,
  author =       "S. Puchta",
  title =        "On the role of mathematics and mathematical knowledge
                 in the invention of {Vannevar Bush}'s early analog
                 computers",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "49--59",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539916.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Tomayko:1996:CVH,
  author =       "J. Tomayko",
  title =        "Computers vs. the Human Race",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "60",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539917.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Weiss:1996:O,
  author =       "E. Weiss",
  title =        "Obituaries",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "61",
  month =        oct # "--" # dec,
  year =         "1996",
  CODEN =        "IAHCEX",
  ISSN =         "1058-6180",
  bibdate =      "Thu Jul 12 08:14:44 MDT 2001",
  URL =          "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/85/11673/00539918.pdf",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
}

@Article{Preston:1996:C,
  author =       "F. Preston",
  title =        "Calculators",
  journal =      j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT,
  volume =       "18",