%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author-1 = "Norbert Juffa", %%% author-2 = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "3.119", %%% date = "12 June 2008", %%% time = "16:11:42 MDT", %%% filename = "fparith.bib", %%% address-1 = "2445 Mission College Blvd., %%% Santa Clara, CA 95054, %%% USA", %%% address-2 = "University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone-1 = "+1 408 727 1885", %%% telephone-2 = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% FAX-1 = "+1 408 727 1265", %%% FAX-2 = "+1 801 581 4148", %%% URL-2 = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "63955 93930 428733 4048938", %%% email-1 = "norbert at iit.com (Internet)", %%% email-2 = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "bibliography, BibTeX, floating-point %%% arithmetic", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% docstring = "[From Norbert Juffa:] This is a bibliography %%% of material on floating-point arithmetic %%% that I came up with while doing research on %%% a floating-point package of his own. I %%% don't claim it to be anywhere near %%% complete. The material listed is only what %%% I myself possess. %%% %%% My main interest was in software based, %%% binary floating-point arithmetic on a %%% microprocessor, so you won't find much %%% material about the hardware used in %%% floating-point arithmetic (e.g., adders, %%% carry propagation schemes, higher radix %%% representation for multiplication and %%% division, etc.) in this list. There is also %%% not too much on non-binary floating-point %%% arithmetic. %%% %%% For most fields covered in this %%% bibliography, the important or historically %%% relevant articles should be included. There %%% is also some material on integer arithmetic %%% in this list as some of the methods used %%% with integer arithmetic contain interesting %%% ideas that may be useful in the realization %%% of a floating-point arithmetic package. %%% %%% Also, depending on the type of %%% microprocessor used, one may need to %%% implement integer multiplication and %%% division for use in the floating-point %%% package, so articles about this topic are %%% included as well. %%% %%% As I am German, there is a bit of material %%% in German in this bibliography. However, %%% English translations are provided for all %%% non-English titles. %%% %%% Thanks to the people who have helped me with %%% previous versions of this document by sending %%% me papers or additional references: Steven %%% Sommars (sesv at research.bell-labs.com), Jim %%% Kiernan (jmk at teak.cray.com), Warren %%% Ferguson (ferguson at seas.smu.edu), Nhuan %%% Doduc (ndoduc at framentec.fr), K. C. Ng %%% (kwok.ng at eng.sun.com). %%% %%% [From Nelson H. F. Beebe:] I took Norbert %%% Juffa's unmarked-up bibliography data, %%% converted it to BibTeX form, and then more %%% than doubled the size of the bibliography %%% by supplying additional entries on %%% floating-point arithmetic extracted from %%% my own extensive bibliography collections, %%% and from several online journal databases, %%% including the Compendex, OCLC, IEEE INSPEC, %%% MathSciNet, and UnCover databases. %%% %%% The computation of sums of floating-point %%% numbers is a fundamental step in most %%% numerical computations. The special phrase %%% ``accurate floating-point summation'' appears %%% in the keywords values of publications that %%% address this important problem. %%% %%% The Web site %%% %%% http://www.acsel-lab.com/arithmetic/ %%% %%% archives papers from the IEEE conferences %%% on computer arithmetic (ARITH-1, ARITH-2, %%% ...). Keyword values for those papers %%% contain ARITH-n to more easily identify them. %%% %%% At version 3.119, the year coverage looked %%% like this: %%% %%% 1881 ( 1) 1924 ( 0) 1967 ( 27) %%% 1882 ( 0) 1925 ( 1) 1968 ( 22) %%% 1883 ( 0) 1926 ( 0) 1969 ( 34) %%% 1884 ( 0) 1927 ( 0) 1970 ( 38) %%% 1885 ( 0) 1928 ( 0) 1971 ( 34) %%% 1886 ( 0) 1929 ( 0) 1972 ( 40) %%% 1887 ( 0) 1930 ( 0) 1973 ( 62) %%% 1888 ( 0) 1931 ( 0) 1974 ( 32) %%% 1889 ( 0) 1932 ( 0) 1975 ( 77) %%% 1890 ( 0) 1933 ( 0) 1976 ( 37) %%% 1891 ( 0) 1934 ( 0) 1977 ( 54) %%% 1892 ( 0) 1935 ( 0) 1978 ( 84) %%% 1893 ( 0) 1936 ( 0) 1979 ( 55) %%% 1894 ( 0) 1937 ( 0) 1980 ( 84) %%% 1895 ( 0) 1938 ( 2) 1981 ( 112) %%% 1896 ( 0) 1939 ( 0) 1982 ( 59) %%% 1897 ( 0) 1940 ( 0) 1983 ( 122) %%% 1898 ( 0) 1941 ( 0) 1984 ( 86) %%% 1899 ( 0) 1942 ( 0) 1985 ( 128) %%% 1900 ( 0) 1943 ( 0) 1986 ( 83) %%% 1901 ( 0) 1944 ( 0) 1987 ( 113) %%% 1902 ( 0) 1945 ( 0) 1988 ( 138) %%% 1903 ( 0) 1946 ( 2) 1989 ( 173) %%% 1904 ( 0) 1947 ( 2) 1990 ( 125) %%% 1905 ( 0) 1948 ( 0) 1991 ( 196) %%% 1906 ( 0) 1949 ( 1) 1992 ( 158) %%% 1907 ( 0) 1950 ( 0) 1993 ( 165) %%% 1908 ( 0) 1951 ( 3) 1994 ( 162) %%% 1909 ( 0) 1952 ( 1) 1995 ( 137) %%% 1910 ( 0) 1953 ( 1) 1996 ( 130) %%% 1911 ( 0) 1954 ( 4) 1997 ( 108) %%% 1912 ( 0) 1955 ( 4) 1998 ( 95) %%% 1913 ( 0) 1956 ( 4) 1999 ( 157) %%% 1914 ( 0) 1957 ( 4) 2000 ( 115) %%% 1915 ( 0) 1958 ( 14) 2001 ( 139) %%% 1916 ( 0) 1959 ( 14) 2002 ( 101) %%% 1917 ( 0) 1960 ( 16) 2003 ( 112) %%% 1918 ( 0) 1961 ( 17) 2004 ( 125) %%% 1919 ( 0) 1962 ( 17) 2005 ( 120) %%% 1920 ( 0) 1963 ( 16) 2006 ( 53) %%% 1921 ( 0) 1964 ( 22) 2007 ( 49) %%% 1922 ( 0) 1965 ( 43) 2008 ( 4) %%% 1923 ( 0) 1966 ( 21) %%% 19xx ( 1) %%% %%% Article: 1747 %%% Book: 221 %%% InBook: 1 %%% InCollection: 41 %%% InProceedings: 1272 %%% Manual: 56 %%% MastersThesis: 141 %%% Misc: 92 %%% Periodical: 3 %%% PhdThesis: 61 %%% Proceedings: 262 %%% TechReport: 255 %%% Unpublished: 4 %%% %%% Total entries: 4156 %%% %%% This bibliography is sorted by year, and %%% within each year, by author and title key, %%% with ``bibsort -byyear''. Cross-referenced %%% proceedings entries appear at the end, %%% because of a restriction in the current %%% BibTeX. %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility.", %%% } %%% ==================================================================== %%% A delimited macro \toenglish ... \endtoenglish is NECESSARY here. %%% The more conventional undelimited form \toenglish{...} has braces %%% that prevent BibTeX's downcasing operation, and the alternate form %%% {\toenglish{...}} is considered a `special character' by BibTeX, %%% and all of {...} gets downcased. We avoid the name \english to %%% prevent conflicts with language options in packages like Babel. %%% %%% To suppress output of English translations of non-English titles, %%% use %%% "\def \toenglish #1\endtoenglish{\unskip}" %%% instead. @Preamble{ "\def \toenglish #1\endtoenglish{[{\em English:} #1\unskip]} " # "\ifx \undefined \circled \def \circled #1{(#1)}\fi" # "\ifx \undefined \mathbb \def \mathbb #1{{\bf #1}}\fi" # "\ifx \undefined \mathcal \def \mathcal #1{{\cal #1}}\fi" # "\ifx \undefined \mathrm \def \mathrm #1{{\rm #1}}\fi" # "\ifx \undefined \operatorname \def \operatorname #1{{\rm #1}}\fi" # "\ifx \undefined \reg \def \reg {\circled{R}}\fi" # "\ifx \undefined \TM \def \TM {${}^{\sc TM}$} \fi" # "\hyphenation{ Cor-dic COR-DIC Gleit-komma Gleit-komma-zahl-en Gleit-komma-pro-zess-or Gleit-komma-for-mat Mikro-rech-en-tech-nik Mikro-rech-ner-sys-tem-en Mikro-rech-ner Mi-yo-shi Quad-rat-wurz-eln Swartz-lan-der }" } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-jg = "Joe Grcar, email: \path=jfgrcar@lbl.gov="} @String{ack-jh = "John Harrison, email: \path=johnh@ichips.intel.com="} @String{ack-jr = "Jon Rokne, Department of Computer Science, The University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada"} @String{ack-kr = "Karin Remington, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building 820, Room 365, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Tel: +1 301 975-5119, FAX: +1 301 990-4127, e-mail: \path|karin@cam.nist.gov|"} @String{ack-mfc = "Michael F. Cowlishaw, IBM UK (MP5), PO Box 31, Birmingham Road, Warwick, CV34 5JL, UK, e-mail: \path|mfc@uk.ibm.com|, URL: \path|http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal|"} @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, FAX: +1 801 581 4148, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} @String{ack-nj = "Norbert Juffa, 2445 Mission College Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA email: \path=norbert@iit.com="} @String{ack-pb = "Preston Briggs, Tera Computer Company, 2815 Eastlake East, Seattle, WA 98102, USA, Tel: +1 206 325-0800, e-mail: \path|preston@tera.com|"} @String{ack-rfb = "Ronald F. Boisvert, Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Tel: +1 301 975 3812, e-mail: \path=boisvert@cam.nist.gov="} @String{ack-sfo = "Stuart F. Oberman, e-mail: \path=stuart.oberman@amd.com="} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Institute abbreviations: @String{inst-ANL = "Argonne National Laboratory"} @String{inst-ANL:adr = "9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439-4801, USA"} @String{inst-CS-PURDUE = "Department of Computer Science, Purdue University"} @String{inst-CS-PURDUE:adr = "West Lafayette, IN 47907-2107, USA"} @String{inst-LASL = "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory"} @String{inst-LASL:adr = "Los Alamos, NM, USA"} @String{inst-LORIA-INRIA-LORRAINE = "LORIA/INRIA Lorraine"} @String{inst-LORIA-INRIA-LORRAINE:adr = "B{\^a}timent A, Technop{\^o}le de Nancy-Brabois, 615 rue du jardin botanique, F-54602 Villers-l{\`e}s-Nancy Cedex, France"} @String{inst-NLRC = "NASA Langley Research Center"} @String{inst-NLRC:adr = "Hampton, VA, USA"} @String{inst-MATHWORKS = "The MathWorks, Inc."} @String{inst-MATHWORKS:adr = "3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098, USA"} @String{inst-MRC-WISCONSIN = "Mathematics Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison"} @String{inst-MRC-WISCONSIN:adr = "Madison, WI, USA"} @String{inst-UT-CS = "Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville"} @String{inst-UT-CS:adr = "Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-ACTA-INFO = "Acta Informatica"} @String{j-ADA-LETT = "Ada Letters"} @String{j-ADV-SOFT-SCI-TECH = "Advances in software science and technology"} @String{j-ALGORITHMICA = "Algorithmica"} @String{j-AM-J-MATH = "American Journal of Mathematics"} @String{j-AM-SCI = "American Scientist"} @String{j-AMER-MATH-MONTHLY = "American Mathematical Monthly"} @String{j-AMER-STAT = "The American Statistician"} @String{j-ANN-MATH-STAT = "Annals of Mathematical Statistics"} @String{j-APPL-ALGEBRA-ENG-COMMUN-COMPUT = "Applicable algebra in engineering, communication and computing"} @String{j-APPL-MATH-COMP = "Applied Mathematics and Computation"} @String{j-APPL-NUM-MATH = "Applied Numerical Mathematics"} @String{j-APPL-OPTICS = "Applied Optics"} @String{j-ASTRON-J = "Astronomical Journal"} @String{j-AUSTRALIAN-COMP-J = "Australian Computer Journal"} @String{j-AUTO-CTL-COMP-SCI = "Automatic Control and Computer Sciences"} @String{j-BIT = "BIT (Nordisk tidskrift for informationsbehandling)"} @String{j-BIT-NUM-MATH = "BIT Numerical Mathematics"} @String{j-BSTJ = "The Bell System Technical Journal"} @String{j-BULL-AMS = "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society"} @String{j-BYTE = "Byte Magazine"} @String{j-C-R-ACAD-BULGARE-SCI = "Comptes rendus de l'Acad{\'e}mie bulgare des sciences"} @String{j-CACM = "Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery"} @String{j-CAD = "Computer Aided Design"} @String{j-CCCUJ = "C/C++ Users Journal"} @String{j-COED = "CoED"} @String{j-COMM-STAT-THEORY-METH = "Communications in Statistics. Theory and Methods"} @String{j-COMP-ARCH-NEWS = "ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News"} @String{j-COMP-DESIGN = "Computer Design"} @String{j-COMP-EDU-J = "Computers in education journal"} @String{j-COMP-GEOSCI = "Computers and Geosciences"} @String{j-COMP-J = "The Computer Journal"} @String{j-COMP-LANG-MAG = "Computer Language Magazine"} @String{j-COMP-MATH-APPL = "Computers and Mathematics with Applications"} @String{j-COMP-PHYS-COMM = "Computer Physics Communications"} @String{j-COMP-SURV = "ACM Computing Surveys"} @String{j-COMPUT-AIDED-ENG = "Computer-aided engineering: CAE"} @String{j-COMPUT-ELECTR-ENG = "Computers and Electrical Engineering"} @String{j-COMPUT-SCI-ENG = "Computing in Science and Engineering"} @String{j-COMPUTE = "Compute"} @String{j-COMPUTER = "Computer"} @String{j-COMPUTING = "Computing: Archiv fur informatik und numerik"} @String{j-COMPUTING-SUPPLEMENTUM = "Computing. Supplementum"} @String{j-CONG-NUM = "Congressus Numerantium"} @String{j-CPE = "Concurrency: Prac\-tice and Experience"} @String{j-CT = "c't"} @String{j-CUJ = "C Users Journal"} @String{j-CYBER = "Cybernetics"} @String{j-DDJ = "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools"} @String{j-DEC-TECH-J = "Digital Technical Journal"} @String{j-DISCRETE-COMPUT-GEOM = "Discrete and Computational Geometry"} @String{j-DOKL-AKAD-NAUK = "Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR"} @String{j-EDN = "EDN"} @String{j-ELECT-COMM-JAPAN-3-FUND-ELECT-SCI = "Electronics and communications in Japan. Part 3, Fundamental electronic science"} @String{j-ELECT-LETTERS = "Electronics Letters"} @String{j-ELECT-NOTES-THEOR-COMP-SCI = "Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science"} @String{j-ELECTRON-COMMUN-JPN = "Electronics and communications in Japan"} @String{j-ELECTRONIC-DESIGN = "Electronic Design"} @String{j-ELECTRONIC-ENG-TIMES = "Electronic engineering times"} @String{j-ELECTRONICS = "Electronics"} @String{j-ELECTRONIK = "Elektronik"} @String{j-ELEK-RECHENANLAGEN = "Elektronische Rechenanlagen"} @String{j-ELEKTRONIKER = "Elektroniker (Switzerland)"} @String{j-EMBED-SYS-PROG = "Embedded Systems Programming"} @String{j-FORM-METHODS-SYST-DES = "Formal Methods in System Design"} @String{j-FORTH-DIMENSIONS = "Forth Dimensions"} @String{j-FUT-GEN-COMP-SYS = "Future Generation Computer Systems"} @String{j-GAMM-MIT = "Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft f{\\\"u}r Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik"} @String{j-HIGH-PERFORM-SYST = "High performance systems"} @String{j-HPJ = "Hewlett-Packard Journal"} @String{j-IBM-JRD = "IBM Journal of Research and Development"} @String{j-IBM-SYS-J = "IBM Systems Journal"} @String{j-IBM-TDB = "IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin"} @String{j-IEE-PROC-COMPUT-DIGIT-TECH = "IEE Proceedings. Computers and Digital Techniques"} @String{j-IEE-PROC-E = "IEE proceedings, E: Computers and digital techniques"} @String{j-IEEE-ANN-HIST-COMPUT = "IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"} @String{j-IEEE-CGA = "IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"} @String{j-IEEE-COMPUT-SCI-ENG = "IEEE Computational Science \& Engineering"} @String{j-IEEE-INT-CONF-ALG-ARCH-PAR-PROC = "IEEE International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing"} @String{j-IEEE-J-SOLID-STATE-CIRCUITS = "IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits"} @String{j-IEEE-MICRO = "IEEE Micro"} @String{j-IEEE-POT = "IEEE Potentials"} @String{j-IEEE-J-SEL-AREAS-COMMUN = "IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"} @String{j-IEEE-SIGNAL-PROCESS-LETT = "IEEE Signal Processing Letters"} @String{j-IEEE-SIGNAL-PROCESS-LETT = "IEEE signal processing letters"} @String{j-IEEE-TEC = "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers"} @String{j-IEEE-TIT = "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-ACOUST-SPEECH = "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-AEROSP-ELECTRON-SYST = "IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-APPL-SUPERCOND = "IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-AUDIO-ELECTROACOUST = "IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-AUTOMAT-CONTR = "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-BIOMED-ENG = "IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CAD-ICS = "IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST = "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST-2 = "IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. 2, Analog and digital signal processing"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CIRCUITS-SYST-VIDEO-TECH = "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-COMM = "IEEE Transactions on Communications"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT = "IEEE Transactions on Computers"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CONSUMER-ELECTRONICS = "IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-CONTROL-SYST-TECHNOL = "IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-ELEC-COMP = "IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-IND-ELECTRON = "IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-INF-THEORY = "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-INSTRUM-MEAS = "IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-NUCL-SCI = "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-PAR-DIST-SYS = "IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-SIG-PROC = "IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-SOFTW-ENG = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"} @String{j-IEEE-TRANS-VLSI-SYST = "IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems"} @String{j-IEEE-TSP = "IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"} @String{j-IFIP-TRANS-A = "IFIP Transactions. A. Computer Science and Technology"} @String{j-IJSA = "The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications"} @String{j-IMA-J-NUMER-ANAL = "IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis"} @String{j-INF-PROCESS-MACH = "Information processing machines"} @String{j-INFO-PROC = "Journal of Information Processing (of Japan??)"} @String{j-INFO-PROC-LETT = "Information Processing Letters"} @String{j-INFORMATIK-SPEKTRUM = "Informatik Spektrum"} @String{j-INT-J-COMP-RESEARCH = "International Journal of Computer Research"} @String{j-INT-J-ELECTRON = "International Journal of Electronics Theoretical \& Experimental"} @String{j-INT-J-HIGH-SPEED-COMPUTING = "International Journal of High Speed Computing"} @String{j-INT-J-MINI-MICROCOMPUTERS = "International Journal of Mini and Microcomputers"} @String{j-INT-J-SOFTW-TOOLS-TECHNOL-TRANSFER = "International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer: STTT"} @String{j-INTEGRATION-VLSI-J = "Integration, the VLSI journal"} @String{j-INTEL-TECH-J = "Intel Technology Journal"} @String{j-INTERVAL-COMP = "Interval Computations = Interval'nye vychisleniia"} @String{j-IRE-PROC = "IRE Proceedings"} @String{j-IRE-TEC = "IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers"} @String{j-J-ACM = "Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery"} @String{j-J-ACOUST-SOC-AM = "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"} @String{j-J-APPL-PROBAB = "Journal of Applied Probability"} @String{j-J-CHINESE-INST-ENG = "Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers = Chung-kuo kung ch'eng hsueh kan"} @String{j-J-COMB-THEORY-A = "Journal of Combinatorial Theory (Series A)"} @String{j-J-COMP-APPL-MATH = "Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics"} @String{j-J-FORTH-APPL-RES = "Journal of FORTH Application and Research"} @String{j-J-FRANKLIN-INST = "Journal of the Franklin Institute"} @String{j-J-INF-PROCESS = "Journal of Information Processing"} @String{j-J-INFO-PROC-CYBERNETICS-EIK = "Journal of Information Processing and Cybernetics: EIK"} @String{j-J-KOREA-INFO-SCI-SOCIETY = "Journal of the Korea Information Science Society = Chongbo Kwahakhoe nonmunji"} @String{j-KYBERNETIKA = "Kybernetika"} @String{j-J-LOGIC-ALG-PROG = "Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming"} @String{j-J-PAR-DIST-COMP = "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing"} @String{j-J-PAS-ADA = "Journal of Pascal and Ada"} @String{j-J-RES-NATL-BUR-STAND = "Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards"} @String{j-J-SIAM = "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"} @String{j-J-SUPERCOMPUTING = "The Journal of Supercomputing"} @String{j-J-SYMBOLIC-COMP = "Journal of Symbolic Computation"} @String{j-J-SYST-ARCH = "Journal of Systems Architecture"} @String{j-J-UCS = "J.UCS: Journal of Universal Computer Science"} @String{j-J-VLSI-SIGNAL-PROC = "Journal of VLSI Signal Processing"} @String{j-JAVAWORLD = "JavaWorld: IDG's magazine for the Java community"} @String{j-JCLT = "The Journal of {C} Language Translation"} @String{j-LECT-NOTES-COMP-SCI = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"} @String{j-LINEAR-ALGEBRA-APPL = "Linear Algebra and its Applications"} @String{j-LMS-J-COMPUT-MATH = "LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics"} @String{j-LOGIN = ";login:"} @String{j-LOPLAS = "ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems"} @String{j-MATH-COMP-SIM = "Mathematics and Computers in Simulation"} @String{j-MATH-COMPUT = "Mathematics of Computation"} @String{j-MATH-GAZ = "The Mathematical Gazette"} @String{j-MATH-MAG = "Mathematics Magazine"} @String{j-MATH-NACHR = "Math. 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Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, FL 33431-9868, USA"} @String{pub-CUP = "Cambridge University Press"} @String{pub-CUP:adr = "Cambridge, UK"} @String{pub-DOVER = "Dover"} @String{pub-DOVER:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-DOWDEN = "Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross"} @String{pub-DOWDEN:adr = "Stroudsburg, PA, USA"} @String{pub-DP = "Digital Press"} @String{pub-DP:adr = "12 Crosby Drive, Bedford, MA 01730, USA"} @String{pub-ELLIS-HORWOOD = "Ellis Horwood"} @String{pub-ELLIS-HORWOOD:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-ELSEVIER = "Elsevier"} @String{pub-ELSEVIER:adr = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"} @String{pub-ENH = "Elsevier North-Holland, Inc."} @String{pub-ENH:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-FSF = "{Free Software Foundation, Inc.}"} @String{pub-FSF:adr = "51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA, Tel: (617) 876-3296"} @String{pub-GRUYTER = "Walter de Gruyter"} @String{pub-GRUYTER:adr = "Berlin, Germany"} @String{pub-HANSER = "Carl Hanser"} @String{pub-HANSER:adr = "M{\"u}nchen, Germany"} @String{pub-HAYDEN-BOOK = "Hayden Book Co."} @String{pub-HAYDEN-BOOK:adr = "Rochelle Park, NJ, USA"} @String{pub-HRW = "Holt, Reinhart, and Winston"} @String{pub-HRW:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-IBM = "IBM Corporation"} @String{pub-IBM:adr = "San Jose, CA, USA"} @String{pub-IBM-WATSON = "IBM Thomas J. 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URL: {\tt http:\penalty0//\penalty0www.\penalty0iec.\penalty0ch}"} @String{pub-IEE = "IEE (Institution of Electrical Engineers)"} @String{pub-IEE:adr = "London, UK"} @String{pub-IEEE = "IEEE Computer Society Press"} @String{pub-IEEE:adr = "1109 Spring Street, Suite 300, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"} @String{pub-IEEE-STD = "IEEE"} @String{pub-IEEE-STD:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-IMACS = "IMACS"} @String{pub-IMACS:adr = "Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ"} @String{pub-INTEL = "Intel Corporation"} @String{pub-INTEL:adr = "Santa Clara, CA, USA"} @String{pub-ISO = "International Organization for Standardization"} @String{pub-ISO:adr = "Geneva, Switzerland"} @String{pub-IWT = "IWT"} @String{pub-IWT:adr = "Vaterstetten, Germany"} @String{pub-JW = "John Wiley"} @String{pub-JW:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-KLUWER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers Group"} @String{pub-KLUWER:adr = "Norwell, MA, USA, and Dordrecht, The Netherlands"} @String{pub-MAC = "Macmillan Publishing Company"} @String{pub-MAC:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL = "McGraw-Hill"} @String{pub-MCGRAW-HILL:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-MILLER-FREEMAN = "Miller Freeman Publications"} @String{pub-MILLER-FREEMAN:adr = "San Francisco, CA, USA"} @String{pub-MIT = "The MIT Press"} @String{pub-MIT:adr = "Cambridge, MA"} @String{pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers"} @String{pub-MORGAN-KAUFMANN:adr = "Los Altos, CA 94022, USA"} @String{pub-MOTOROLA = "Motorola Corporation"} @String{pub-MOTOROLA:adr = "Phoenix, AZ, USA"} @String{pub-MT = "M\&T Books"} @String{pub-MT:adr = "M\&T Publishing, Inc., 501 Galveston Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA"} @String{pub-NASA = "National Aeronautics and Space Administration"} @String{pub-NASA:adr = "Washington, DC, USA"} @String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND = "North-Hol{\-}land"} @String{pub-NORTH-HOLLAND:adr = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands"} @String{pub-OLDENBOURG = "R. Oldenbourg Verlag"} @String{pub-OLDENBOURG:adr = "Munich, Germany and Vienna, Austria"} @String{pub-OXFORD = "Oxford University Press"} @String{pub-OXFORD:adr = "Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK"} @String{pub-PENGUIN = "Penguin"} @String{pub-PENGUIN:adr = "London, UK"} @String{pub-PERGAMON = "Pergamon Press"} @String{pub-PERGAMON:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-PH = "Pren{\-}tice-Hall"} @String{pub-PH:adr = "Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA"} @String{pub-PHPTR = "Pren{\-}tice-Hall PTR"} @String{pub-PHPTR:adr = "Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA"} @String{pub-PLENUM = "Plenum Press"} @String{pub-PLENUM:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-PUP = "Princeton University Press"} @String{pub-PUP:adr = "Princeton, NJ, USA"} @String{pub-R-E-KRIEGER = "Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company"} @String{pub-R-E-KRIEGER:adr = "Huntington, NY, USA"} @String{pub-RESTON = "Reston Publishing Co. Inc."} @String{pub-RESTON:adr = "Reston, VA, USA"} @String{pub-SF = "Scott, Foresman and Company"} @String{pub-SF:adr = "Glenview, IL, USA"} @String{pub-SIAM = "Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"} @String{pub-SIAM:adr = "Philadelphia, PA, USA"} @String{pub-SIEMENS = "Siemens Aktiengesellschaft"} @String{pub-SIEMENS:adr = "Berlin and Munich, Germany"} @String{pub-SPIE = "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)"} @String{pub-SPIE:adr = "Bellingham, WA, USA"} @String{pub-SPRINGER-WIEN = "Spring{\-}er"} @String{pub-SPRINGER-WIEN:adr = "Wien / New York"} @String{pub-SRNI = "Software Research Northwest, Inc."} @String{pub-SRNI:adr = "17710 100th Avenue SW, Vashon Island, WA 98070, USA"} @String{pub-SUN = "Sun Microsystems"} @String{pub-SUN:adr = "2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"} @String{pub-SV = "Spring{\-}er-Ver{\-}lag"} @String{pub-SV:adr = "Berlin, Germany~/ Heidelberg, Germany~/ London, UK~/ etc."} @String{pub-SYNGRESS = "Syngress Publishing, Inc."} @String{pub-SYNGRESS:adr = "Rockland, MA, USA"} @String{pub-TEUBNER = "B. G. Teubner"} @String{pub-TEUBNER:adr = "Stuttgart, Germany"} @String{pub-TEWI = "te-wi"} @String{pub-TEWI:adr = "M{\"u}nchen, Germany"} @String{pub-USENIX = "USENIX"} @String{pub-USENIX-EL-CERRITO:adr = "P.O. Box 7, El Cerrito 94530, CA, USA"} @String{pub-USENIX:adr = "San Francisco, CA, USA"} @String{pub-VEB-VERLAG-TECHNIK = "VEB Verlag Technik"} @String{pub-VEB-VERLAG-TECHNIK:adr = "Berlin, Germany"} @String{pub-VIKING = "Viking"} @String{pub-VIKING:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-WCB = "William C. Brown Company Publishers"} @String{pub-WCB:adr = "Dubuque, IA, USA"} @String{pub-WEITEK = "Weitek Corporation"} @String{pub-WEITEK:adr = "1060 E. Arques Ave., Sunnyvale, CA 94086-BRM-9759, USA"} @String{pub-WESTERN-PERIODICALS = "Western Periodicals Co.,"} @String{pub-WESTERN-PERIODICALS:adr = "North Hollywood, CA"} @String{pub-WILEY = "Wiley"} @String{pub-WILEY:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-WILEY-INTERSCIENCE = "Wiley-In{\-}ter{\-}sci{\-}ence"} @String{pub-WILEY-INTERSCIENCE:adr = "New York, NY, USA"} @String{pub-WORLD-SCI = "World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd."} @String{pub-WORLD-SCI:adr = "P. O. Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 9128"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Series abbreviations: @String{ser-LNCS = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science"} @String{ser-LNM = "Lecture Notes in Mathematics"} @String{ser-SIGPLAN = "ACM SIG{\-}PLAN Notices"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Bibliography entries. %%% %%% NB: Some journals do not indicate a month for each issue, and a few %%% have volumes, but no issue numbers, or issues without volumes. Such %%% cases are identified by xxmonth, xxnumber, and xxvolume entries with a %%% value of "(none)", so that searches can still be used to identify %%% other entries where such information is still missing. %%% %%% ISBNs were introduced in 1972, so books published before that do not %%% have ISBN entries, unless the publisher supplied one in a post-1971 %%% printing. A few books, and many conference proceedings, published %%% since 1972, lack ISBNs; these are identified with xxISBN values of %%% (none), again to facilitate searching for missing values. @Article{Newcomb:1881:NFU, author = "Simon Newcomb", title = "Note on the frequency of use of the different digits in natural numbers", journal = j-AM-J-MATH, volume = "4", number = "1/4", pages = "39--40", year = "1881", CODEN = "AJMAAN", ISSN = "0002-9327", bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 16:35:24 2007", URL = "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9327%281881%294%3A1%2F4%3C39%3ANOTFOU%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K", abstract = "That the ten digits do not occur with equal frequency must be evident to any one making much use of logarithmic tables, and noticing how much faster the first pages wear out than the last ones. The first significant figure is oftener 1 than any other digit, and the frequency diminishes up to 9.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law", remark = "From p. 40: ``The law of probability of the occurrence of numbers is such that all mantissas of their logarithms are equally probable.''", } @Book{Karpinski:1925:HA, author = "Louis Charles Karpinski", title = "The History of Arithmetic", publisher = "Rand McNally \& Company", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "xi + 200", year = "1925", bibdate = "Fri Nov 28 18:09:05 2003", acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb, } @Article{Benford:1938:LAN, author = "Frank Benford", title = "The Law of Anomalous Numbers", journal = j-PROC-AMER-PHIL-SOC, volume = "78", number = "4", pages = "551--572", month = mar, year = "1938", CODEN = "PAPCAA", ISSN = "0003-049X", bibdate = "Thu Feb 15 16:28:28 2007", URL = "http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-049X%2819380331%2978%3A4%3C551%3ATLOAN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G", abstract = "It has been observed that the first pages of a table of common logarithms show more wear than do the last pages, indicating that more used numbers begin with the digit 1 than with the digit 9. A compilation of some 20,000 first digits taken from widely divergent sources shows that there is a logarithmic distribution of first digits when the numbers are composed of four or more digits. An analysis of the numbers from different sources shows that the numbers taken from unrelated subjects, such as a group of newspaper items, show a much better agreement with a logarithmic distribution than do numbers from mathematical tabulations or other formal data. There is here the peculiar fact that numbers that individually are without relationship are, when considered in large groups, in good agreement with a distribution law---hence the name ``Anomalous Numbers.''\par A further analysis of the data shows a strong tendency for bodies of numerical data to fall into geometric series. If the series is made up of numbers containing three or more digits the first digits form a logarithmic series. If the numbers contain only single digits the geometric relation still holds but the simple logarithmic relation no longer applies.\par An equation is given showing the frequencies of first digits in the different orders of numbers 1 to 10, 10 to 100, etc.\par The equation also gives the frequency of digits in the second, third + place of a multi-digit number, and it is shown that the same law applies to reciprocals.\par There are many instances showing that the geometric series, or the logarithmic law, has long been recognized as a common phenomenon in factual literature and in the ordinary affairs of life. The wire gauge and drill gauge of the mechanic, the magnitude scale of the astronomer and the sensory response curves of the psychologist are all particular examples of a relationship that seems to extend to all human affairs. The Law of Anomalous Numbers is thus a general probability law of widespread application.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Benford's Law; Law of Anomalous Numbers; Zipf's Law", remark = "From \cite{Logan:1978:FDP}: ``Benford's paper was published in 1938 in a journal of rather limited circulation and not usually read by mathematicians. It so happened that it was immediately followed in the same issue by a physics paper which became of some importance for secret nuclear work during World War II [H. A. Bethe, M. E. Rose, and L. P. Smith, `The Multiple Scattering of Electrons', Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 78(4), 573--585 (1938)]. That is why Benford's paper caught the attention of physicists in the early 1940's and was much discussed. This led to the notes in Nature by Goudsmit and Furry [3] and Furry and Hurwitz [4] containing an effort to explain Benford's law. We considered it at that time merely a welcome diversion and did not expect that over thirty papers would be devoted to this subject in subsequent years.'' The 2006 bibliography \cite{Hurlimann:2006:BLB} cites 325 publications about Benford's Law.", } @Book{Hardy:1938:ITN, author = "G. H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy and E. M. (Edward Maitland) Wright", title = "An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers", publisher = pub-OXFORD, address = pub-OXFORD:adr, pages = "xvi + 403", year = "1938", LCCN = "QA241 .H28", bibdate = "Fri Nov 30 06:49:15 2007", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Misc{Burks:1946:PDL, author = "Arthur W. Burks and Herman H. Goldstine and John von Neumann", title = "Preliminary discussion of the logical design of an electronic computing instrument", howpublished = "Report to the U.S. Army Ordnance Department", year = "1946", bibdate = "Wed Oct 13 08:17:48 2004", note = "Reprinted in \cite[pp.~221--259]{Swartzlander:1976:CDD} and \cite[pp.~97--146]{Aspray:1987:PJN}", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, remark = "Discusses floating-point versus fixed-point computation, and concludes that floating-point is probably not justifiable. They wrote:\par ``There appear to be two major purposes in a `floating' decimal point system both of which arise from the fact that the number of digits in a word is a constant fixed by design considerations for each particular machine. The first of these purposes is to retain in a sum or product as many significant digits as possible and the second of these is to free the human operator from the burden of estimating and inserting into a problem `scale factors' --- multiplicative constants which serve to keep numbers within the limits of the machine.\par There is, of course, no denying the fact that human time is consumed in arranging for the introduction of suitable scale factors. We only argue that the time so consumed is a very small percentage of the total time we will spend in preparing an interesting problem for our machine. The first advantage of the floating point is, we feel, somewhat illusory. In order to have such a floating point, one must waste memory capacity which could otherwise be used for carrying more digits per word. It would therefore seem to us not at all clear whether the modest advantages of a floating binary point offset the loss of memory capacity and the increased complexity of the arithmetic and control circuits.''", } @Article{Goldstine:1946:ENI, author = "H. H. Goldstine and Adele Goldstine", title = "The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ({ENIAC})", journal = j-MATH-TABLES-OTHER-AIDS-COMPUT, volume = "2", number = "15", pages = "97--110", month = jul, year = "1946", CODEN = "MTTCAS", ISSN = "0891-6837", bibdate = "Tue Oct 13 08:44:19 MDT 1998", bibsource = "JSTOR database", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @TechReport{Goldstine:1947:PCP, author = "Herman H. Goldstine and John von Neumann", title = "Planning and coding of problems for an electronic computing instrument", type = "Technical report", number = "1", institution = "Institute for Advanced Study", address = "Princeton, NJ, USA", day = "1", month = apr, year = "1947", bibdate = "Wed Jun 01 17:41:33 2005", note = "Reprinted in \cite[80--151]{Taub:1961:JNC}. Knuth \cite[p.~278]{Knuth:1997:SA} cites pp.~142--151 of this report as the first published treatment of double-precision arithmetic on digital computers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{vonNeumann:1947:NIM, author = "J. von Neumann and H. H. Goldstine", title = "Numerical Inverting of Matrices of High Order", journal = j-BULL-AMS, volume = "53", number = "11", pages = "1021--1099", month = nov, year = "1947", CODEN = "BAMOAD", ISSN = "0002-9904", MRclass = "65.0X", MRnumber = "MR0024235 (9,471b)", MRreviewer = "E. Bodewig", bibdate = "Thu Nov 8 14:49:36 2007", note = "See \cite{Goldstine:1951:NIM} for Part II. Reprinted in \cite[v.~5, pp.~479--557]{Taub:1961:JNC}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb # " and " # ack-jg, remark = "This may be the first journal publication about the use of double-precision arithmetic on computers, used for the accumulation of inner products and matrix products. On pp.~1035--1038, the authors show that when the sum of $m$ products of two $s$-digit numbers is accumulated in precision $2s$, with rounding to $s$ digits only after the final sum is complete, then the rounding error is essentially one unit in the last place, instead of $m$ times that value.", } @Article{Hartree:1949:NSR, author = "Douglas R. (Douglas Rayner) Hartree", title = "Note On Systematic Roundoff Errors in Numerical Integration", journal = "Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards", volume = "42", number = "??", pages = "62--??", month = "????", year = "1949", bibdate = "Wed Feb 14 19:07:37 2007", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Booth:1951:SBM, author = "A. D. Booth", title = "A signed binary multiplication technique", journal = j-QUART-J-MECH-APPLIED-MATH, volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "236--240", month = "????", year = "1951", CODEN = "QJMMAV", ISSN = "0033-5614", bibdate = "Thu Apr 2 08:38:35 1998", acknowledgement = ack-sfo # " and " # ack-nhfb, } @Article{Gill:1951:PSS, author = "S. Gill", title = "A process for the step-by-step integration of differential equations in an automatic digital computing machine", journal = j-PROC-CAMBRIDGE-PHIL-SOC, volume = "47", pages = "96--108", year = "1951", CODEN = "PCPSA4", ISSN = "0008-1981", bibdate = "Tue Aug 28 05:54:12 2001", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "accurate floating-point summation; floating-point arithmetic; rounding errors", remark = "Higham \cite{Higham:1993:AFP} comments ``In 1951 Gill [8] noticed that the rounding error in the sum of two numbers could be estimated by subtracting one of the numbers from the sum, and he made use of this estimate in a Runge-Kutta code in a program library for the EDSAC computer.''", } @Article{Goldstine:1951:NIM, author = "Herman H. Goldstine and John von Neumann", title = "Numerical inverting of matrices of high order. {II}", journal = j-PROC-AM-MATH-SOC, volume = "2", pages = "188--202", year = "1951", CODEN = "PAMYAR", ISSN = "0002-9939", MRclass = "65.0X", MRnumber = "MR0041539 (12,861b)", MRreviewer = "F. J. Murray", bibdate = "Thu Nov 8 14:49:46 2007", note = "See \cite{vonNeumann:1947:NIM} for Part I.", URL = "http://www.jstor.org/view/00029939/di970628/97p0185x/0", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society", } @Article{Davis:1952:ARS, author = "K. Davis and R. Biddulph and S. Balashek", title = "Automatic Recognition of Spoken Digits", journal = j-J-ACOUST-SOC-AM, volume = "24", number = "6", pages = "637--642", month = nov, year = "1952", CODEN = "JASMAN", ISSN = "0001-4966", bibdate = "Fri Nov 28 16:38:51 2003", acknowledgement = ack-mfc # " and " # ack-nhfb, } @Book{IBM:1953:POT, author = "{IBM Corporation}", title = "Principles of Operation: Type 701 and Associated Equipment", publisher = pub-IBM, address = pub-IBM:adr, pages = "103", year = "1953", bibdate = "Wed Sep 14 23:17:49 1994", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Backus:1954:ISS, author = "J. W. Backus", title = "The {IBM 701 Speedcoding} System", journal = j-J-ACM, volume = "1", number = "1", pages = "4--6", month = jan, year = "1954", CODEN = "JACOAH", ISSN = "0004-5411", bibdate = "Fri Nov 04 00:18:27 1994", URL = "http://community.computerhistory.org/scc/projects/FORTRAN/paper/p4-backus.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, abstract = "The IBM 701 Speedcoding System is a set of instructions which causes the 701 to behave like a three-address floating point calculator. Let us call this the Speedcoding calculator. In addition to operating in floating point, this Speedcoding calculator has extremely convenient means for getting information into the machine and for printing results; it has an extensive set of operations to make the job of programming as easy as possible. Speedcoding also provides automatic address modification, flexible tracing, convenient use of auxiliary storage, and built-in checking.", } @Manual{Burroughs:1954:DH, author = "{Burroughs Corporation. ElectroData}", title = "Datatron handbooks", organization = "The Division", address = "Pasadena, CA, USA", year = "1954", bibdate = "Sat Feb 24 15:01:45 MST 1996", note = "12 volumes in 1.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "Datatron (Computer)", remark = "Datatron programming and coding manual --- Datatron operation manual --- Central computer handbook --- Paper tape system handbook --- Card converter Model 500 handbook --- Magnetic tape system handbook --- Cardatron system handbook --- Model 560 DATAFILE handbook --- Control console and consolette handbook --- Floating point control unit handbook --- External switching unit handbook --- Tape preparation unit handbook.", } @Article{Gorn:1954:AAC, author = "Saul Gorn", title = "The Automatic Analysis and Control of Computing Errors", journal = j-J-SIAM, volume = "2", number = "2", pages = "69--81", month = jun, year = "1954", CODEN = "JSIMAV", ISSN = "0368-4245", bibdate = "Thu Oct 15 18:16:06 MDT 1998", bibsource = "JSTOR database", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Moshman:1954:GPR, author = "Jack Moshman", title = "The Generation of Pseudo-Random Numbers on a Decimal Calculator", journal = j-J-ACM, volume = "1", number = "2", pages = "88--91", month = apr, year = "1954", CODEN = "JACOAH", ISSN = "0004-5411", bibdate = "Fri Nov 04 00:18:27 1994", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "decimal floating-point arithmetic", } @Book{Hastings:1955:ADC, author = "Cecil B. {Hastings, Jr.} and Jeanne T. Hayward and James P. {Wong, Jr.}", title = "Approximations for Digital Computers", publisher = pub-PUP, address = pub-PUP:adr, pages = "viii + 201", year = "1955", LCCN = "QA76 .H33", bibdate = "Mon Sep 30 14:51:50 1996", bibsource = "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip", acknowledgement = ack-nj, } @Article{Lenaerts:1955:ASR, author = "E. H. Lenaerts", title = "Automatic Square Rooting", journal = "Electronic Engineering", volume = "27", number = "??", pages = "287--289", month = jul, year = "1955", bibdate = "Thu Sep 1 10:15:41 1994", bibsource = "ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/doc-soft/fpbibl18.zip", acknowledgement = ack-nj, } @Article{Parsons:1955:SDC, author = "Frances L. Parsons", title = "A Simple Desk-Calculator Method for Checking Binary Results of Digital Computer Arithmetic Operations", journal = j-J-ACM, volume = "2", number = "3", pages = "205--207", month = jul, year = "1955", CODEN = "JACOAH", ISSN = "0004-5411", bibdate = "Wed Nov 09 01:00:34 1994", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Book{Richards:1955:AOD, author = "R. K. Richards", title = "Arithmetic Operations in Digital Computers", publisher = "D. Van Nostrand", address = "New York, NY, USA", pages = "iv + 397", year = "1955", LCCN = "QA75 .R5 1955", bibdate = "Fri Nov 28 18:46:37 2003", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Perkins:1956:EPC, author = "Robert Perkins", title = "{EASIAC}, {A} Pseudo-Computer", journal = j-J-ACM, volume = "3", number = "2", pages = "65--72", month = apr, year = "1956", CODEN = "JACOAH", ISSN = "0004-5411", bibdate = "Fri Nov 04 23:46:26 1994", abstract = "One of the primary functions of the MIDAC installation at the University of Michigan is the instruction of beginners in the various aspects of digital machine use including programming and coding. \ldots{} In conducting these courses it was soon found to be extremely difficult, in five or six instruction periods, to bring a complete newcomer up to the point where he can code and check out on MIDAC anything more than a rather trivial routine. As might be expected the difficulty centers around problems of scaling, instruction modification and binary representation. \ldots{} To alleviate these problems it was decided that a new computer was needed: one designed to make programming easier. At the cost of some of MIDAC's speed and capacity plus two or three man-months of programming time EASIAC, the EASy Instruction Automatic Computer, was realized as a translation-interpretation program in MIDAC.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "decimal floating-point arithmetic", remark = "Early example of a decimal floating-point machine.", } @Article{Robertson:1956:NCD, author = "J. E. Robertson", title = "A new class of digital division methods", journal = j-IRE-TEC, volume = "EC-5", number = "??", pages = "65--73", month = jun, year = "1956", CODEN = "IRELAO", ISSN = "0367-9950", bibdate = "Fri Nov 09 19:14:45 2007", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Stegun:1956:PC, author = "Irene A. Stegun and Milton Abramowitz", title = "Pitfalls in computation", journal = "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics", volume = "4", pages = "207--219", year = "1956", bibdate = "Tue Aug 28 06:16:28 2001", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Weinberger:1956:OMA, author = "A. Weinberger and J. L. Smith", title = "A One-Microsecond Adder Using One-Megacycle Circuitry", journal = j-IRE-TEC, volume = "EC-5", number = "??", pages = "65--73", month = jun, year = "1956", CODEN = "IRELAO", ISSN = "0367-9950", bibdate = "Fri Nov 09 19:38:57 2007", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, } @Article{Ercoli:1957:EDO, author = "Paolo Ercoli and Roberto Vacca", title = "Errors Due to Overflow in Arithmetic Operations Particularly as Regards {FINAC} Electronic Computer", journal = j-J-ACM, volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "450--455", month = oct, year = "1957", CODEN = "JACOAH", ISSN = "0004-5411", bibdate = "Thu Dec 08 09:28:48 2005", note = "See letter \cite{Ercoli:1960:LEE}.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, keywords = "floating-point arithmetic; overflow", } @Article{Kogbetliantz:1957:CEN, author = "E. G. Kogbetliantz", title = "Computation of $e^n$ for $-\infty