%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
%%%     version         = "2.02",
%%%     date            = "31 May 2005",
%%%     time            = "07:48:27 MDT",
%%%     filename        = "computer1970.bib",
%%%     address         = "University of Utah
%%%                        Department of Mathematics, 322 INSCC
%%%                        155 S 1400 E RM 233
%%%                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
%%%     FAX             = "+1 801 585 1640, +1 801 581 4148",
%%%     URL             = "http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe",
%%%     checksum        = "49293 7675 38130 341544",
%%%     email           = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org,
%%%                        beebe at computer.org, beebe at ieee.org
%%%                        (Internet)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography, BibTeX, IEEE Computer",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     docstring       = "This is a bibliography of publications in
%%%                        the IEEE journal Computer (CODEN CPTRB4, ISSN
%%%                        0018-9162), for the years 1972--1979.  The
%%%                        companion bibliographies, computer19xxbib and
%%%                        computer20xx.bib, cover other decades.
%%%
%%%                        There is a World Web Wide site for this
%%%                        journal at
%%%
%%%                            http://www.computer.org/computer/
%%%
%%%                        with (pagenumber-less) tables of contents,
%%%                        links to article abstracts, and subject and
%%%                        author indexes, for 1993--date.
%%%
%%%                        In the bibliography entries below, URLs point
%%%                        to freely-accessible abstracts in HTML form,
%%%                        and to full text of articles in Adobe
%%%                        Portable Document Format (PDF) form; the
%%%                        latter requires an electronic journal
%%%                        subscription with username and password.
%%%
%%%                        At version 2.02, the year coverage looked
%%%                        like this:
%%%
%%%                             1972 (   3)    1975 (   6)    1978 (  67)
%%%                             1973 (   4)    1976 (  38)    1979 (  47)
%%%                             1974 (   4)    1977 (  72)
%%%
%%%                             Article:        241
%%%
%%%                             Total entries:  241
%%%
%%%                        The initial draft of this bibliography for
%%%                        the years 1990--1996 contained 963 entries,
%%%                        and was constructed primarily from the OCLC
%%%                        Contents1st database.  Regrettably, that
%%%                        database does not record final page numbers
%%%                        of journal articles, so there are many page
%%%                        ranges of the form 123--?? in this
%%%                        bibliography.  The collection was then
%%%                        augmented with 398 entries from the author's
%%%                        personal bibliography files, and from a May
%%%                        1994 snapshot of the huge Computer Science
%%%                        bibliography archive on ftp.ira.uka.de.
%%%                        Later additions came from the Compendex
%%%                        databases (1970--1996), and the IEEE INSPEC
%%%                        CD ROM database (1989--1995).
%%%
%%%                        BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen
%%%                        as name:year:abbrev, where name is the
%%%                        family name of the first author or editor,
%%%                        year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a
%%%                        3-letter condensation of important title
%%%                        words. Citation tags were automatically
%%%                        generated by software developed for the
%%%                        BibNet Project.
%%%
%%%                        In this bibliography, entries are sorted by
%%%                        journal, and then by publication order, with
%%%                        the help of ``bibsort -byvolume''.  The bibsort
%%%                        utility is available from ftp.math.utah.edu
%%%                        in /pub/tex/bib.
%%%
%%%                        Fields within entries have been put into a
%%%                        consistent order by the biborder utility,
%%%                        and the entire bibliography has been
%%%                        processed by the bibclean syntax checker
%%%                        and prettyprinter, and by bibcheck.  These
%%%                        tools are available in the same archive as
%%%                        bibsort.
%%%
%%%                        Spelling has been verified with the UNIX
%%%                        spell and GNU ispell programs using the
%%%                        exception dictionary stored in the
%%%                        companion with extension .sok.  Numerous
%%%                        heuristic checks on the validity of the
%%%                        bibliography files have also been made
%%%                        using software developed by the author for
%%%                        maintenance of the TeX Users Group and
%%%                        BibNet bibliography collections.
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================

@Preamble{
    "\hyphenation{
        Berg-mark
        Chang-hwa
        Cher-kas-sky
        Krueg-er
        Ma-rie
        No-bu-ya-su
        Pra-san-na
        Sa-ri-ka-ya
        Tha-zhu-tha-vee-til
        Wheel-chairs
    }"
}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Acknowledgement abbreviations:

@String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe,
                    University of Utah,
                    Department of Mathematics, 322 INSCC,
                    155 S 1400 E RM 233,
                    Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA,
                    Tel: +1 801 581 5254,
                    FAX: +1 801 585 1640, +1 801 581 4148,
                    e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|,
                            \path|beebe@acm.org|,
                            \path|beebe@computer.org|,
                            \path|beebe@ieee.org| (Internet),
                    URL: \path|http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"}

@String{ack-nj = "Norbert Juffa,
                  2445 Mission College Blvd.
                  Santa Clara, CA 95054
                  USA
                  email: \path=norbert@iit.com="}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Journal abbreviations:

@String{j-COMPUTER              = "Computer"}

%%% ====================================================================
%%% Bibliography entries:

@Article{Grochow:1972:UFT,
  author =       "J. M. Grochow",
  key =          "Grochow",
  title =        "Utility Functions for Time-sharing System Performance
                 Evaluation",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "16--19",
  month =        sep # "/" # oct,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 4 10:19:23 1985",
  bibsource =    "Misc/monitor.bib",
  abstract =     "As more and more economic activity shifts to service
                 industries, meaningful evaluation of their ``product''
                 is becoming a topic of major concern. The service
                 organization is constantly being evaluated by its
                 customers and it is important for management to
                 understand bases for this evaluation. In the case of
                 the general purpose time-sharing system, there may in
                 fact be several differnt groups of users with different
                 desires and goals. The procedures illustrated below
                 attempt to provide management and designers of future
                 computer systems with a structured way of obtaining the
                 data necessary to evaluate the usefulness of the
                 service provided. It should be understood, however,
                 that the validation of these procedures has only been
                 experimentally determined and more economical
                 techniques must be found for personal preference
                 assessments before the proposed methodology will find
                 general practical application.",
  annote =       "Also mentioned is the use of the Architectural
                 Research Facility (ARF) as a training tool for movie
                 programmers, for architecture evaluation for
                 experimentation, for producing machine relative
                 software automatically: operating systems, compilers,
                 support and application software, and for automatic
                 diagnosis.",
}

@Article{Cooperman:1972:SEU,
  author =       "J. A. Cooperman and H. W. Lynch and W. H. Tetzlaff",
  key =          "Cooperman et al.",
  title =        "{SPG}: An Effective Use of Performance and Usage
                 Data",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "5",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "20--23",
  month =        sep # "/" # oct,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Mon Mar 4 09:11:31 1985",
  bibsource =    "Misc/monitor.bib",
  abstract =     "The Statistics Gathering Package, SGP, is an
                 information retrieval program supplemented with a
                 variety of summarization techniques. It is used to
                 access a data base of performance and usage information
                 collected by OS, SMF, and LASP.SGP provides information
                 that is needed by installation management, system
                 programmers, consultants and computer users to make
                 decisions. This paper demonstrates how SGP makes
                 possible an effective use of performance and usage
                 data. The statistics in the examples were collected at
                 the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. The data
                 reflects the daily workload on the System 360 Model 91
                 OS/MVT/LASP/ APL system.",
}

@Article{Doll:1972:TTC,
  author =       "D. R. Doll",
  title =        "Telecommunications turbulence and the computer network
                 evolution",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13--22",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1972",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Distributed/network.bib",
  abstract =     "Reproduced (in Computer Networks: A Tutorial Abrams,
                 M., Blanc, R. P., and Cotton, I., (Eds.), (1980)).",
}

@Article{Hopewell:1973:AAS,
  author =       "L. Hopewell and W. S. Chou and H. Frank",
  title =        "Analysis of architectural strategies for a large
                 message-switching network: a case study",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "26--34",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Distributed/network.bib",
  abstract =     "Reproduced in Computer Networks: A Tutorial Abrams,
                 M., Blanc, R. P., and Cotton, I., (Eds.), (1980).",
}

@Article{Binford:1973:CV,
  author =       "T. O. Binford and J. M. Tenenbaum",
  title =        "Computer vision",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "19--24",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Ai/raum.bib",
  topics =       "K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz / Raumbeschreibung /
                 Neurowissenschaften / Psychophysik / Konkreter Raum",
}

@Article{Pyke:1973:CNT,
  author =       "T. N. {Pyke, Jr.} and R. P. Blanc",
  title =        "Computer networking technology --- a state of the art
                 review",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "12--19",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Distributed/network.bib",
  abstract =     "Reproduced in Computer Networks: A tutorial Abrams,
                 M., Blanc, R. P., and Cotton, I., (Eds.), (1980).",
}

@Article{Enslow:1973:NIN,
  author =       "P. H. {Enslow, Jr.}",
  title =        "Non-technical issues in network design-economic,
                 legal, social, and other considerations",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "6",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "20--30",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1973",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Distributed/network.bib",
  abstract =     "Reproduced in Computer Networks: A Tutorial Abrams,
                 M., Blanc, R. P., and Cotton, I., (Eds.), (1980).",
}

@Article{Kuck:1974:MPO,
  author =       "D. Kuck and P. Budnik and S. C. Chen and E. {Davis,
                 Jr.} and J. Han and P. Kraska and D. Lawrie and Y.
                 Muraoka and R. Strebendt and R. Towle",
  key =          "Kuck et al.",
  title =        "Measurements of Parallelism in Ordinary {FORTRAN}
                 Programs",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "37--46",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Parallel/Multi.bib",
}

@Article{Winkler:1974:DSC,
  author =       "S. Winkler and D. Danner",
  title =        "Data Security in the Computer Communication
                 Environment",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "23--31",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Distributed/network.bib",
  abstract =     "Reproduced in Computer Networks: A tutorial Abrams,
                 M., Blanc, R. P., and Cotton, I., (Eds.), (1980).",
}

@Article{Marcoz:1974:HDL,
  author =       "F. Marcoz and O. Tedone",
  key =          "MaTe74",
  title =        "Hardware Description Languages in {Italy}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "60--61",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Misc/formal.hardware.verification.bib",
  keyword =      "HDL",
  owner =        "Ralf Reetz",
}

@Article{Watanabe:1974:HDL,
  author =       "H. Watanabe and K. Fujino",
  key =          "WaFu74",
  title =        "Hardware Description Languages in {Japan}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "12",
  pages =        "62--63",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1974",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Misc/formal.hardware.verification.bib",
  keyword =      "HDL",
  owner =        "Ralf Reetz",
}

@Article{Thomas:1975:CMP,
  author =       "Lewis J. {Thomas, Jr.} and G. James Blaine and V. W.
                 {Gerth, Jr.} and Ronald W. Hagen",
  title =        "Continuous monitoring of physiologic variables with a
                 dedicated minicomputer",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "30--35",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A custom designed system employing advanced
                 communication techniques and unique video displays for
                 computer-based patient monitoring has been designed and
                 built. ECG and arterial pressure waveforms, some
                 limited textual patient information, and the digital
                 values for up to 16 monitored variables with their
                 relation to settable high and low ``limits'' are all
                 continuously available. This paper provides a
                 description of the system and its components, discusses
                 design faults and their solutions, and concludes with
                 an evaluation.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 462; 716; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering; computers, miniature; data
                 processing --- medical information; television
                 applications --- medicine",
}

@Article{Starmer:1975:PAR,
  author =       "C. Frank Starmer and William M. Smith",
  title =        "Problems in acquisition and representation of coronary
                 arterial trees",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "36--41",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "To further study the relation between the physical
                 configuration of the coronary tree and the development
                 or presence of coronary artery disease it will be
                 necessary to develop algorithms for the efficient
                 measurement, representation, and storage of coronary
                 trees by computer. This paper is a report of
                 preliminary efforts to process trees by computer and a
                 discussion of some of the problems involved in this
                 effort.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 462; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering; data processing --- medical
                 information; mathematical techniques --- trees",
}

@Article{Simoons:1975:OAE,
  author =       "Maarten L. Simoons and Ed Smallenburg and Cees
                 Zeelenberg and Willem A. H. Engelse",
  title =        "On-line analysis of exercise electrocardiograms",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "42--45",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Computer assisted interpretation of exercise
                 electrocardiograms (XECGs) is generally expected to
                 improve the value of exercise testing for detection of
                 ischemic heart disease in patients with normal resting
                 ECGs. A system for processing of orthogonal, three-lead
                 XECGs using a PDP-8E computer has been developed. This
                 system has been in both on-line and off-line operation
                 since September 1973.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 462; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering; computer systems, digital ---
                 on line operation; data processing --- medical
                 information",
}

@Article{Fitzgerald:1975:SCP,
  author =       "John W. Fitzgerald and Robert J. Clappier and Donald
                 C. Harrison",
  title =        "Small computer processing of ambulatory
                 electrocardiograms",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "48--54",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Utilizing an analog preprocessor and a small digital
                 computer, a system has been developed that processes
                 data at 60 times real time in two passes. The system
                 was designed within the following constraints: (1)
                 construction with easily obtainable components, (2)
                 capable of qualitatively describing all arrhythmias
                 occurring during the period of recording, and (3)
                 capable of quantifying ventricular arrhythmias with an
                 acceptable error rate. The hardware and software of the
                 system are described, and the use of the system for
                 qualitative and quantitative analysis is discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 462; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering; data processing --- medical
                 information",
}

@Article{Heintzen:1975:AVI,
  author =       "Paul H. Heintzen and Ruediger Brennecke and Joachim H.
                 Buersch and Peter Lange and Vitus Malerczyk and Klaus
                 Moldenhauer and Dietrich Onnasch",
  title =        "Automated video-angiocardiographic image analysis",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "55--64",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a hardware-software system for
                 handling the two main groups of cardiological data: (a)
                 physiological variables such as voltages, pressures,
                 etc, and (b) morphological data, derived from x-ray
                 images or angiocardiograms, such as dimensions, areas,
                 or volumes. The authors concentrate in particular on
                 some aspects of automated image processing --- i.e.,
                 the analysis of the size, shape, and contraction
                 pattern of the ventricles from
                 video-angiocardiograms.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 462; 716; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering --- cardiology; data processing
                 --- medical information; image processing; television
                 applications --- medicine",
}

@Article{Raeside:1975:BSM,
  author =       "David E. Raeside",
  title =        "{Bayesian} statistics: mathematical tools for
                 computers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "8",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "65--73",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1975",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This tutorial article deals with a branch of
                 statistics known as ``Bayesian statistics''. Followers
                 of the Bayesian school of thought, embrace the use of
                 prior information, incorporating prior probability laws
                 into their decision strategies through continual
                 reliance on the simple, but powerful, theorem of Bayes.
                 Bayesian decision theory also takes into account the
                 consequences of decisions. After the principles are
                 presented, applications in estimation theory, linear
                 regression, pattern recognition, image processing,
                 computer-aided medical diagnosis, and information
                 retrieval are described.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 462; 723; 922",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering --- diagnosis; decision theory
                 and analysis; image processing; information science ---
                 information retrieval; mathematical statistics; pattern
                 recognition systems",
}

@Article{Casaglia:1976:SFN,
  author =       "G. Franco Casaglia",
  title =        "Special feature: nanoprogramming vs.
                 microprogramming",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "54--58",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The aim of this paper is to show that the meaning of
                 the term nanoprogramming, used by Rosin in connection
                 with the QM-1 machine, is the same as the term
                 microprogramming as used by Wilkes. In addition it is
                 shown that horizontal microprogramming is powerful in
                 implementing not only modifiable and extensible
                 instructions sets, but also resource management
                 algorithms. A structured computer architecture is
                 hypothesized in which three major levels are
                 identified.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; nanoprogramming",
}

@Article{Rosenbluth:1976:DAA,
  author =       "William Rosenbluth",
  title =        "Design automation architecture and applications",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "12--17",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This article presents a design automation system
                 architecture and illustrates applications of that
                 architecture with an ISI chip design flow. It discusses
                 system-module attributes of that architecture as those
                 modules are encountered in the design flow.
                 Additionally, the use of DA tools in the current
                 semiconductor industry is surveyed. This survey, in
                 which 33 chip and\slash or PC board manufacturers are
                 represented, shows that very few complete systems exist
                 for the average ISI design house.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "713; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer aided design; integrated circuits --- large
                 scale integration",
}

@Article{Critchlow:1976:HSM,
  author =       "D. L. Critchlow",
  title =        "High speed {MOSFET} circuits using advanced
                 lithography",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "31--37",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Miniaturization of FET's holds promise of improvement
                 by perhaps a factor of 5 in speed and dramatic power
                 reductions over present products in the industry. This
                 could result in average logic circuit delays (including
                 fan-out and interconnection capacitance) in the range
                 of 5 to 25 nanoseconds. The purpose of the paper is to
                 quantify the advantages of FET circuits of smaller
                 dimensions, to survey the trends in lithography, and to
                 describe some experimental results.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "713; 714; 745",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "integrated circuit manufacture; integrated circuits
                 --- large scale integration; lithography; semiconductor
                 devices, field effect; transistors, field effect",
}

@Article{Bagley:1976:SFM,
  author =       "John D. Bagley",
  title =        "Special feature: microprogrammable virtual machines",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "38--42",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "User alterable microprograms make it possible to
                 tailor the architecture of the computer to the
                 application domain but raises the problem of
                 microprogram development and testing. The technique
                 outlined provides a tool which furnishes the
                 microprogrammer with a virtual machine which is
                 microprogrammable. The function provided is similar to
                 that provided by a simulator, but the technique is more
                 efficient and allows multiple microprograms to be
                 executed concurrently with regular programs on a single
                 real machine.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer simulation; computer
                 systems programming --- testing",
}

@Article{Stone:1976:STO,
  author =       "Harold S. Stone",
  title =        "Special tutorial: the organization of electronic
                 cyclic memories",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "45--50",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Cyclic memories are memories in which data rotate
                 cyclically past a read\slash write port. Several ways
                 of organizing such memories are explored. It is
                 proposed that cyclic memories be capable of
                 bidirectional data movement, and that rotational speed
                 be under program control. Such modifications might
                 decrease the rotational latency of a system environment
                 which, in turn, results in excessive access time.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "721; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming --- subroutines; cyclic memories;
                 data storage, digital; data storage, magnetic",
}

@Article{Raymond:1976:UMI,
  author =       "Jacques Raymond and Dilip K. Banerji",
  title =        "Using a microprocessor in an intelligent graphics
                 terminal",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "18--25",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/imager/imager.76.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/76.bib",
  abstract =     "A system is described that adds processing capability
                 to a graphic terminal at reasonable cost. A Tektronix
                 4013 graphic terminal and an Intel 8008 microprocessor
                 with 4K memory are used. Software organization and hex
                 op codes of a proposed communication language are
                 presented.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer interfaces; computer peripheral equipment;
                 computers, microprocessor --- applications; display
                 devices; hardware; microprocessor; microprocessor and
                 hardware and output and devices and terminals; output
                 devices; terminals",
}

@Article{Panigrahi:1976:CMC,
  author =       "G. Panigrahi",
  title =        "Charge-coupled memories for computer systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "33--42",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This study focuses on CCD memory applications. Aspects
                 covered are charge-coupled shift registers,
                 charge-coupled memory interface circuits and five
                 categories of application: block organized RAM, serial
                 memory, content-addressable memories or partially
                 associative memories, stacks and queues and data buffer
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "713; 714; 722",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, digital --- shift registers; data storage,
                 magnetic --- storage devices; integrated circuits ---
                 large scale integration; semiconductor devices, charge
                 coupled",
}

@Article{Rege:1976:CPS,
  author =       "S. L. Rege",
  title =        "Cost, Performance and Size Tradeoffs for Different
                 Levels in a Memory Hierarchy",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "43--51",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/storage.bib; Os/storage.bib",
  abstract =     "A two-server queueing model is used to analyze the
                 performance of a memory hierarchy in a multiprogramming
                 mode. For the primary memory a two-level hierarchy of
                 bipolar and MOS is compared with a three-level
                 hierarchy of bipolar, MOS, and CCD by keeping the cost
                 of the primary memory constant: A figure of merit that
                 is a function of number of instructions executed is
                 used to evaluate the hierarchies. It is shown that a
                 hierarchy using CCDs has a figure of merit 2 to 3 times
                 higher than one that uses just MOS.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "714; 722; 723; 922",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer system programming --- multiprogramming; data
                 storage, magnetic; memory hierarchy devices;
                 probability --- queueing theory; semiconductor devices,
                 charge coupled --- applications",
}

@Article{Chien:1976:IPR,
  author =       "Y. T. Chien",
  title =        "Interactive pattern recognition: techniques and
                 systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "11--25",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Interactive pattern recognition (IPR) refers to some
                 form of human participation in one or more of the three
                 basic processes in pattern recognition --- data
                 acquisition, pattern analysis, and pattern
                 classification. This article reviews IPR's
                 characteristics, design considerations,
                 display-oriented techniques, specific systems and
                 applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer graphics; computer systems, digital --- real
                 time operation; data processing --- data acquisition;
                 interactive pattern recognition; pattern recognition
                 systems",
}

@Article{Rosenfeld:1976:PRS,
  author =       "Azriel Rosenfeld and Joan S. Weszka",
  title =        "Picture recognition and scene analysis",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "28--38",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper reviews some of the early milestones in
                 picture recognition and scene analysis techniques.
                 Topics covered include preprocessing (noise cleaning,
                 deblurring, filtering); segmentation (region growing,
                 decomposition of regions into parts, grouping of
                 regions into ``objects''); property measurement
                 (invariant properties, textural properties); shape
                 analysis (local shape features, boundary and skeleton
                 representations); and structural analysis (syntactic
                 analysis, model matching). The emphasis is on
                 describing representative ideas that are of historical
                 importance, rather than on giving a systematic
                 treatment of the subject.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "image processing --- computer applications; pattern
                 recognition systems",
}

@Article{White:1976:SRT,
  author =       "George M. White",
  title =        "Speech recognition: a tutorial review",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "40--53",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Research toward mechanical recognition of speech is
                 laying the foundation for significant advances in
                 pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. This
                 paper explains the nature of some of these advances and
                 provides an introduction to the state of the art of
                 automatic speech recognition.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 723; 751; 912",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "pattern recognition systems --- reviews; speech;
                 systems science and cybernetics --- artificial
                 intelligence",
}

@Article{Preston:1976:CPB,
  author =       "Kendall {Preston, Jr.}",
  title =        "Computer processing of biomedical images",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "54--68",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Computers are successfully applied to image processing
                 in medicine in computerized tomography (CT) and white
                 blood cell differentiation (WBCD). This paper provides
                 background to these activities and discusses how
                 general and special purpose computers are employed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "422; 461; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering; computer peripheral equipment
                 --- graphics; computerized tomography; pattern
                 recognition systems --- reviews; radiography ---
                 computer applications; white blood cell
                 differentiation",
}

@Article{Persoon:1976:MFP,
  author =       "Eric Persoon and K. S. Fu",
  title =        "Minicomputer facility for picture processing and
                 pattern recognition research",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "70--77",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Purdue's Advanced Automation Research Laboratory
                 (AARL) uses a PDP-11\slash 45 with floating point
                 hardware. Several items are interfaced to the Unibus: a
                 32K-word core memory, two RK05 moving head disks, a
                 seven-track magnetic tape drive, a 132-cps line
                 printer, a VT05 CRT console, a DR11-B DMA port
                 multiplexed into eight DMA channels, a DR11-C interface
                 which controls the multiplexer, an Optronics film
                 scanner, a 9600-baud serial interface which connects
                 the PDP-11\slash 45 with the CDC 6500 computer at
                 Purdue University Computing Center, a picture core
                 memory used for fast access to picture data, and a
                 cassette tape drive. Fast acquisition and processing of
                 speech signals, pictorial data, and three-dimensional
                 scenes are possible, and the interactive capabilities
                 of the system allow for fast software development. The
                 main limitations cited are due to the 16-bit word
                 format.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer peripheral equipment --- graphics; computer
                 systems, digital --- real time operation; computers,
                 miniature --- applications; image processing ---
                 computer applications; pattern recognition systems",
}

@Article{Svobodova:1976:CSM,
  author =       "Liba Svobodova",
  title =        "Computer system measurability",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "9--17",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Measurability can be defined in terms of the
                 information domain accessible by a monitor, and the
                 cost of monitoring. However, it is necessary to
                 discriminate between what may not be measured because
                 of privacy requirements and what cannot be measured or
                 is too costly to measure because of technological
                 obstacles. Measurement tools and needs are reviewed.
                 Hardware aids for internal monitoring are discussed. It
                 is concluded that systems should be designed to be
                 measurable and that internal monitoring is the prime
                 approach.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer systems, digital; computers, digital ---
                 monitoring",
}

@Article{Agrawala:1976:AWC,
  author =       "A. K. Agrawala and J. M. Mohr and R. M. Bryant",
  title =        "Approach to the workload characterization problem",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "18--32",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A major problem in the evaluation of the performance
                 of a multiprogrammed computer system is the development
                 of an accurate description of its normal workload. This
                 paper formulates the workload characterization problem
                 fr a computing environment and presents three types of
                 simplified models for the system workload. The
                 probabilistic models presented can be validated with
                 respect to the real workload and are easy to use in a
                 performance evaluation study.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723; 922",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer systems programming --- multiprogramming;
                 computer systems, digital; mathematical statistics ---
                 applications",
}

@Article{Williman:1976:ILM,
  author =       "A. O. Williman and H. J. Jelinek",
  title =        "Introduction to {LSI} microprocessor developments",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "34--46",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This tutorial covers what microprocessors are and what
                 is available, what microcomputers are and what is
                 available, who uses microprocessors, user
                 considerations, technologies used, and some projections
                 about the future of microprocessor systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "713; 722",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, microprocessor; integrated circuits ---
                 large scale integration",
}

@Article{Bennetts:1976:RDT,
  author =       "R. G. Bennetts and R. V. Scott",
  title =        "Recent developments in the theory and practice of
                 testable logic design",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "47--63",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The theoretical aspects of testable logic design are
                 considered. The discussion includes the design of
                 easily testable combinatorial, sequential, and
                 iterative networks, with major techniques illustrated
                 through common running examples. Practical aspects are
                 also covered, including board layout and test point
                 siting.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "721; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "logic circuits --- computer aided design; logic
                 design",
}

@Article{Landauer:1976:HDC,
  author =       "J. Paul Landauer",
  title =        "Hybrid digital\slash analog computer systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "15--24",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The rationale of hybrid computation versus other
                 alternative computing technologies is described. The
                 structure and characteristics of modern systems are
                 then discussed, including the unique, real-time
                 operating systems. Finally, a number of specific hybrid
                 computer applications are outlined to demonstrate the
                 versatility which these systems offer for the efficient
                 solution of scientific and engineering problems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, hybrid",
}

@Article{Howe:1976:QSC,
  author =       "R. M. Howe and J. Paul Landauer",
  title =        "Quantitative/method of speed comparison between
                 analog\slash hybrid and digital computers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "31--36",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Analog and hybrid computers have a speed advantage
                 over digital computers in the solution of differential
                 equations. A quantitative method of speed comparison is
                 presented that is quite general and allows direct speed
                 comparisons between specific analog and digital
                 computers. The method is based on calculating the
                 number of operations per second (multiplications,
                 additions, loads, stores, etc. ) necessary for a
                 digital computer to match the computing speed of
                 various analog components (integrators, summers,
                 multipliers, etc. ) and hence a collection of such
                 components comprising a specific analog computer. This
                 calculated number of operations per second can then be
                 compared with the actual operation-per-second
                 capability of any specific digital computer to afford a
                 direct speed comparison.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723; 921",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, analog; computers, digital; computers,
                 hybrid; mathematical techniques --- differential
                 equations",
}

@Article{Rubin:1976:HCF,
  author =       "Arthur I. Rubin and J. Bruce Mawson",
  title =        "Hybrid computation 1976 and its future",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "37--46",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A hybrid computer is defined and a working vocabulary
                 is provided. Advances in hybrid equipment are
                 described. Emphasis is given to the multivariable
                 function generator, which is a key element in
                 increasing further the computing speed of hybrid analog
                 computers. Finally, an advanced hybrid computer system
                 is described in considerable detail.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, hybrid",
}

@Article{Graber:1976:NHC,
  author =       "G. F. Graber and E. J. Fadden",
  title =        "Next-generation hybrid computer system",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "55--62",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "An advanced hybrid computing system is described that
                 utilizes automatic patching, updated design of
                 functional modules, new parallel elements, remote
                 access\slash time shared use, and new software. The key
                 element in the new system is the AD-10, a sophisticated
                 peripheral that computes multivariant functions 100 to
                 500 times faster than todays large general-purpose
                 digital computers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, hybrid",
}

@Article{Foley:1976:TSG,
  author =       "James D. Foley",
  title =        "Tutorial on satellite graphics systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "14--21",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Satellite graphics terminals, which include a micro or
                 minicomputer to perform interactive processing, present
                 a number of advantages, the most important of which are
                 accessibility and responsiveness. Two basic types of
                 satellites are described and techniques are outlined
                 for best exploiting their capabilities.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer peripheral equipment",
}

@Article{Lucido:1976:SSC,
  author =       "Anthony P. Lucido",
  title =        "Software Systems for Computer Graphics",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "23--32",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/siggraph/76.bib",
  abstract =     "Some software packages and programming systems for
                 computer graphics applications are described. Software
                 features for both passive and interactive graphics are
                 considered. The structure is examined both of
                 subroutine libraries for use with some base language
                 and of complete programming languages, and the
                 advantages and disadvantages of each are outlined,
                 along with facilities that should be present in any
                 software package.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer graphics software and systems and surveys",
}

@Article{Carlson:1976:GTR,
  author =       "Eric D. Carlson",
  title =        "Graphics Terminal Requirements for the 1970's",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "37--45",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/siggraph/76.bib",
  abstract =     "Studies conducted at the IBM Research Laboratory in
                 San Jose have resulted in the identification of 30
                 specific requirements for the display screen, the
                 associated hardware for input, output, processing and
                 storage, the interaction rates, the terminal packaging,
                 and the support of the applications programmer.
                 Comparison of existing graphics terminal alternatives
                 in terms of the requirements indicates that 18 of these
                 30 requirements are not being adequately met today.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Really old now, but considering that many terminals
                 are still text teletypes, there has not been much
                 progress.",
  classification = "722",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer peripheral equipment; hardware and output and
                 devices and terminals",
}

@Article{Pooch:1976:CGI,
  author =       "Udo W. Pooch",
  title =        "Computer graphics, interactive techniques, and image
                 processing 1970--1975: a bibliography",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "46--64",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/imager/imager.76.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/76.bib",
  abstract =     "This bibliography attempts to compile all articles,
                 books, conference papers, and technical reports about
                 computer graphics and man-machine interaction that have
                 been published in English from 1970 to 1975. To assist
                 the reader, the bibliography has been cross-referenced
                 by the following subject headings: computer graphics;
                 computer graphics languages; computer graphics
                 algorithms; computer graphics software; computer
                 graphics in color; theoretical foundations; collective
                 bibliographies; and computer graphics applications.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "bibliographies; computer graphics",
}

@Article{Hehner:1976:CDM,
  author =       "Eric C. R. Hehner",
  title =        "Computer design to minimize memory requirements",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "65--70",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "It is shown that matching the instructions and their
                 representations to the distributions of usage can save
                 75\% of the space taken by contemporary machine
                 representations. The gain in space may be accompanied
                 by a reduction in execution time due to more efficient
                 use of data paths. Variable-length codes can also
                 eliminate all forms of overflow from machine-language,
                 and greatly reduce the probability of overflow in
                 data.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computers",
}

@Article{Fraser:1976:PSF,
  author =       "A. G. Fraser",
  title =        "The present status and future trends in computer\slash
                 communication technology",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "10--19",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibsource =    "Distributed/network.bib",
}

@Article{Fulton:1976:MIS,
  author =       "David L. Fulton and Richard T. Thomas",
  title =        "Minicomputer-based information system for a small
                 business",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "9",
  pages =        "24--28",
  month =        sep,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper describes the EASI automobile dealer
                 information system which has been developed for
                 Electronic Accounting Systems, Incorporated of
                 Southfield, Michigan, to address several problems
                 encountered by medium- to large-size automobile
                 dealerships. EASI is a minicomputer-based system which
                 performs most of the same functions currently offered
                 by service companies, while providing additional
                 functions that are economically feasible due to the
                 fact that it is an in-house system.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, miniature; data processing, business",
}

@Article{Bunt:1976:STO,
  author =       "Rick B. Bunt",
  title =        "Scheduling techniques for operating systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "10--18",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "In an attempt to provide a common framework for the
                 description of diverse schedulers, a general model is
                 proposed. A number of classical scheduling techniques
                 are described using this model and their
                 characteristics are assessed. The scheduling methods of
                 a number of popular operating systems are described.
                 The IBM systems' described (OS\slash MFT, OS\slash MVT,
                 OS\slash VS2) are all primarily oriented to an
                 environment of batch submissions. The MULTICS system
                 and the UNIX system, offering different types of
                 service, have different performance objectives and
                 hence employ a different scheduling approach to meet
                 these objectives.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems",
}

@Article{Atwood:1976:COS,
  author =       "J. William Atwood",
  title =        "Concurrency in operating systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "18--26",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The idea of concurrency as a mechanism for sharing a
                 computing system is examined. Two operating systems
                 which implement concurrency through the use of ad hoc
                 mechanisms are discussed. Some more formal mechanisms
                 are then introduced for implementing and controlling
                 interaction, mechanisms leading to proposals for
                 language constructs which simplify the management of
                 concurrency. These constructs also permit the
                 formalization of the rules of behavior, and thus the
                 introduction of mechanisms for enforcing correct
                 interaction.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems",
}

@Article{Doran:1976:VM,
  author =       "Robert Doran",
  title =        "Virtual memory",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "27--37",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The virtual memory provided by two operating systems,
                 the MULTICS system (Multiplexed Information and
                 Computing Service) on a General Electric GE645 (now
                 marketed by Honeywell) and the Burroughs B6700 MCP
                 (Master Control Program) is compared. Both the form of
                 virtual memory provided by operating systems and its
                 implementation are treated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems",
}

@Article{Dependahl:1976:FIC,
  author =       "Robert H. {Dependahl, Jr.} and Leon Presser",
  title =        "File input\slash output control logic",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "38--42",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "File input\slash output control logic is discussed,
                 with particular attention concentrated on two
                 well-known systems: the IBM System\slash 360 under OS,
                 and the Burroughs 1700 under the Master Control
                 Program. The discussion commences with a description of
                 the file-related activities carried out by the two
                 systems at various times. This is followed by a
                 comparative analysis of the two implementations. The
                 treatment focuses on the basic architecture implemented
                 in the two systems; therefore, control language
                 features available only through specific programming
                 languages are not examined.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems",
}

@Article{Levine:1976:SMR,
  author =       "Len Levine and Ware Myers",
  title =        "Semiconductor memory reliability with error detecting
                 and correcting codes",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "10",
  pages =        "43--50",
  month =        oct,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The impact of error detection and correction on memory
                 cost, speed, size, power, and reliability is examined.
                 The relationships between these factors for design
                 decision purposes is developed, focusing particular
                 attention on the improvement in hardware reliability
                 and its relationship to system maintenance policy.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "714; 721",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "data storage, semiconductor",
}

@Article{Spirn:1976:DSM,
  author =       "Jeffrey R. Spirn",
  title =        "Distance string models for program behavior",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "14--20",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Program models are considered that are mathematical in
                 structure, yet which have been shown experimentally to
                 mirror some of the important details of realistic
                 program behavior. The discussion is limited to page
                 reference behavior, about which the most is known. The
                 models considered describe, and often generate, program
                 reference strings $r_1$, $r_2$, \ldots{}, where $r_t$
                 is the number of the page referenced at virtual time
                 $t$. The models, however, are based on distance
                 strings, which are equivalent in information content to
                 the reference string but which are more easily
                 modeled.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming",
}

@Article{Batson:1976:PBA,
  author =       "Alan P. Batson",
  title =        "Program behavior at the symbolic level",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "21--26",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Accurate models of program behavior are the weakest
                 link in all attempts to predict the performance of
                 computer systems. Some recent attempts to characterize
                 the dynamic behavior of computer programs, the way in
                 which they request and release resources and also their
                 utilization of an allocated resource, are described. It
                 is suggested that source language level measurements of
                 program behavior are, in the long run, the most useful
                 and most pertinent descriptions of the way in which
                 humans make use of computing machinery.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming",
}

@Article{Chu:1976:PBP,
  author =       "Wesley W. Chu and Holger Opderbeck",
  title =        "Program Behavior and the Page Fault Frequency
                 Replacement Algorithm",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "29--38",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Database/Graefe.bib",
  abstract =     "The behavior of several measured programs is described
                 in terms of their stack distance probabilities and
                 program reference patterns. The page-fault-frequency
                 (PFF) replacement algorithm and its performance when
                 operated in a uniprogramming and a multiprogramming
                 environment are then discussed. Finally, the
                 implementation of the PFF replacement algorithm is
                 discussed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming",
}

@Article{Ferrari:1976:IPB,
  author =       "Domenico Ferrari",
  title =        "Improvement of program behavior",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "39--47",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper describes how program restructuring
                 techniques can be used effectively to improve a
                 program's dynamic behavior. Conventional restructuring
                 procedures are discussed. A different philosophy for
                 restructuring algorithms is then considered, called
                 program tailoring or strategy-oriented restructuring
                 which consists of taking explicitly into account, when
                 designing the restructuring algorithm, the memory
                 management strategy under which the programs to be
                 restructured will have to run.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming",
}

@Article{Myers:1976:KDC,
  author =       "Ware Myers",
  title =        "Key developments in computer technology: a survey",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "9",
  number =       "11",
  pages =        "48--75",
  month =        nov,
  year =         "1976",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This survey covers the following topics: the
                 application of technology to solving customer wants and
                 needs; the emergence of the microprocessor and its
                 various types and applications; ways for filling the
                 storage price-performance gap; pattern recognition
                 developments and applications; the software industry;
                 tools for better computers; and, a discussion of
                 solutions needed in the field of computer technology.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "721; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers",
}

@Article{Fairman:1977:MRM,
  author =       "Michael Fairman and A. C. Weaver and R. W. Catlin",
  title =        "{MUMS} --- a reconfigurable microprocessor
                 architecture",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "11--17",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The Modular-Unified-Microprocessor-System (MUMS),
                 described in this paper, would make it possible to
                 replace a microprocessor with a newer or improved type,
                 however inexpensive, without redesigning the
                 microprocessor system. Basic to this idea is a
                 relatively simple micro-bus (the MUMS bus) that carries
                 generic signals only, and over which a microprocessor
                 communicates with its environment. The insertion of a
                 new microprocessor requires only one new MUMS bus
                 interface and an associated software utility package in
                 a ROM module; the rest of the system is unmodified. The
                 design of MUMS, having undergone two iterations, is
                 approaching completion and is intended for use as a
                 research tool and teaching aid.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer programming;
                 computers, microprocessor; electronics packaging ---
                 modular construction",
}

@Article{Wickes:1977:MCD,
  author =       "W. E. Wickes",
  title =        "Microprocessor chip design with the user in mind",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "18--22",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A new single-chip, 8-bit parallel microprocessor, the
                 EA 9002, is discussed. Features of the EA 9002 are as
                 follows: a single plus 5 volt supply, 28-pin package,
                 TTL compatible on I/O, simple clock input, 200
                 multiplied by 201 mils, high speed, 55 basic
                 instructions in the set, a built-in stock for
                 subroutine return address, an on-board 64-byte scratch
                 RAM, straightforward peripheral addressing techniques
                 and general-purpose registers. Two system
                 configurations are shown.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture --- design; computers,
                 microprocessor",
}

@Article{Johnson:1977:AGC,
  author =       "Gearold R. Johnson and Robert A. Mueller",
  title =        "Automated generation of cross-system software for
                 microcomputers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "23--31",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "GEN is a set of Fortran program writer modules
                 designed to generate microcomputer assemblers and
                 simulators. This paper describes the generating system,
                 the generated assemblers and simulators, and the
                 advantages they offer in both programming and
                 pedagogical applications. Experience with GEN has shown
                 that a 1-to 5-man-day effort, instead of a 2- to
                 6-man-month effort, will produce a system simulator and
                 assembler when an automated software generator is
                 employed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "721; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "automatic programming; computer operating systems ---
                 program assemblers; computer systems programming;
                 computers, miniature --- computer simulation",
}

@Article{Wakerly:1977:MCE,
  author =       "John F. Wakerly and Edward J. McCluskey",
  title =        "Microcomputers in the computer engineering
                 curriculum",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "32--38",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The authors view microcomputers, regardless of
                 specific design, as basically ``inexpensive
                 computers''. As such, they promote a curriculum that
                 provides a framework of undergraduate digital systems
                 courses from which specialization in microcomputers or
                 any other important topic easily follows. Details of
                 suggested coursework in microcomputers, including text
                 recommendations, are provided as well as microcomputer
                 concepts.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723; 901",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, miniature; electrical engineering;
                 engineering education",
}

@Article{Carey:1977:MLU,
  author =       "Bernard J. Carey",
  title =        "Microprocessor laboratory for a university
                 environment",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "40--46",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a microprocessor-based laboratory
                 facility that is being developed as part of the
                 computer science program in the Department of
                 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the
                 University of Connecticut. The laboratory is organized
                 into four levels: a PDP-11\slash 20 microcomputer
                 system for software development; a PDP-11\slash 10
                 minicomputer with a data link to the 11\slash 20 to
                 permit hardware design; a microcomputer system
                 integration mode whereby the user builds a
                 microcomputer by interconnecting and using
                 standardized, functional, digital system modules; and a
                 breadboarding activity whereby the user may design and
                 build a prototype of a microcomputer or digital system
                 module.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723; 901",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computers, microprocessor; computers, miniature;
                 electrical engineering; engineering education",
}

@Article{Rony:1977:TMI,
  author =       "Peter R. Rony and David G. Larsen",
  title =        "Teaching microcomputer interfacing to non-electrical
                 engineers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "53--57",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The curriculum of a short sequence of courses offered
                 at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
                 is discussed. The courses permit a novice in
                 electronics to learn the basic principles of digital
                 electronics, the 7400-series of integrated circuit
                 chips, asynchronous serial digital communication
                 techniques, microcomputer programming, and 8080A
                 microcomputer interfacing. Experience has shown that
                 such an introduction to digital technology can break
                 down the electronics barrier commonly encountered by
                 scientists and engineers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723; 901",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer interfaces; computers, miniature; engineering
                 education",
}

@Article{Srini:1977:FDM,
  author =       "Vason P. Srini",
  title =        "Fault diagnosis of microprocessor systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "60--65",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper explores diagnostic systems for
                 microprocessors --- resident diagnostic programs
                 (permanently in the microprocessor system),
                 non-resident diagnostic programs (loaded into the
                 memory), and the diagnostic supervisor (the collection
                 of programs controlling the execution of the diagnostic
                 programs). Depending on the reliability needs of a
                 system, the list of faults considered can be augmented
                 in the resident and non-resident diagnostics. The
                 diagnostic supervisor is designed to be quite simple so
                 that it can be useful on low-cost microprocessor
                 systems and easy to implement.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer systems programming; computers,
                 microprocessor",
}

@Article{Krummel:1977:AMD,
  author =       "Larry Krummel and Gaymond Schultz",
  title =        "Advances in microcomputer development systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "13--19",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The term ``microcomputer'', as used here, means a card
                 or system with microprocessor, memory, and I/O. The
                 article surveys microcomputer characteristics,
                 development aids and, specifically, the concept,
                 application and future of in-circuit emulation for
                 simulating all the operations of a CPU in its normal
                 physical position.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture --- design; computers,
                 microprocessor; computers, miniature",
}

@Article{Peuto:1977:CIA,
  author =       "Bernard L. Peuto and Leonard J. Shustek",
  title =        "Current issues in the architecture of
                 microprocessors",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "20--25",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The constraints which are unique to current MOS
                 microprocessors are scrutinized. Current architectures
                 are examined using examples from recent
                 microprocessors. The authors' belief, however, in the
                 unity of all computer architecture is demonstrated by
                 showing that the results of instruction set
                 measurements for a typical microprocessor are quite
                 similar to those for other established computers.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computers, microprocessor",
}

@Article{Wakerly:1977:MIA,
  author =       "John F. Wakerly",
  title =        "Microprocessor input\slash output architecture",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "26--33",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "There are two basic types of input\slash output
                 organizations used by microprocessors: memory-mapped
                 I/O and isolated I. /O. Both organizations are borrowed
                 from older minicomputer architectures --- memory-mapped
                 I/O from the PDP-11 and isolated I/O from the PDP-8, HP
                 2116, and others. The two types are discussed in
                 detail. I/O addressing, microcomputer system bus
                 organization, interrupts, direct memory access, and I/O
                 circuits are included in the discussion. This analysis
                 is applicable to the many different microprocessor I/O
                 organizations, circuit configurations and device types
                 that are being manufactured at present.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computers, microprocessor",
}

@Article{Allison:1977:DPM,
  author =       "Dennis R. Allison",
  title =        "Design philosophy for microcomputer architectures",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "35--41",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The author argues for a design strategy which
                 acknowledges that the multi-register von Neuman machine
                 is and will remain the standard for quite a while. In
                 summary, examine the compiling process and the run-time
                 representation required for the class of languages to
                 be implemented on the LSI processor, Identify the
                 bottlenecks in the compilation, and minimize problems
                 associated with their allocation. Provide adequate
                 instructions in the instruction set to support the
                 required run-time representation without extensive
                 in-line computation. This view sees few significant
                 departures in architecture possible, although the
                 considerations for language-based machine design are
                 surveyed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture --- design; computer programming
                 languages --- applications; computers, microprocessor",
}

@Article{Morgan:1977:SMA,
  author =       "D. E. Morgan and D. J. Taylor",
  title =        "Survey of methods of achieving reliable software",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "44--53",
  month =        feb,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Techniques and tools for achieving reliable software
                 are reviewed and suggestions for further work are made.
                 Development suggestions include enhancing an external
                 monitoring system, extending a language to aid in
                 generating audit programs, and advancing the
                 methodology for recovery systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer systems programming ---
                 reliability",
}

@Article{Warren:1977:PHC,
  author =       "Jim Warren",
  title =        "Personal and hobby computing: an overview",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "10--22",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The fields of ``hobby'' and ``personal'' computing are
                 reviewed in detail. It appears that there may be in
                 excess of 20,000 computers in not-for-profit use in
                 homes and garages today. Computer clubs, stores,
                 publications and conventions are surveyed. Hardware and
                 software are examined. Uses of home computers are
                 discussed. An appendix lists 58 sources of hard- and
                 software and information.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer peripheral equipment; computer programming;
                 computer systems, digital; computers, microprocessor;
                 hobby computing; personal computing",
}

@Article{Kay:1977:PDM,
  author =       "Alan C. Kay and Adele Goldberg",
  title =        "Personal Dynamic Media",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "31--41",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Graphics/imager/imager.77.bib;
                 Graphics/siggraph/77.bib",
  abstract =     "The Dynabook concept of a personal dynamic computing
                 medium is explained. At present an ``interim Dynabook''
                 has been tested successfully in a junior high school
                 environment. A communications system --- the Smalltalk
                 language --- has been implemented on small computers in
                 connection with the ``interim Dynabook''. The system is
                 being developed as a programming and problem solving
                 tool; as an interactive memory for the storage and
                 manipulation of data; as a text editor; and as a medium
                 for expression through drawing, painting, animated
                 pictures, and composing and generating music.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  annote =       "Possibly one of the most important, but least read
                 articles in computing. It sees impacts beyond computer
                 graphics. Started Apple Mac and Lisa technology. The
                 next logical step after V. Bush's Memex. Pushed
                 ``user-friendly'' before that became a dirty word.",
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "data processing --- educational applications; general
                 directions and education and teaching and future
                 directions and Xerox Alto and bit mapped graphics and
                 fonts and mouse and window systems and pointing and
                 icons and PARC and distributed processing and Ethernet
                 and Dynabook and user interface, general directions,
                 education, teaching, future directions, Xerox Alto, bit
                 mapped graphics, fonts, mouse, window systems,
                 pointing, icons, PARC, distributed processing,
                 Ethernet, Dynabook, user interface, computer systems,
                 digital; personal computing",
}

@Article{Crane:1977:ODE,
  author =       "Hewitt D. Crane and Robert E. Savoie",
  title =        "On-line data entry system for hand-printed
                 characters",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "43--50",
  month =        mar,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper describes a system that uses a specially
                 instrumented ball-point pen requiring no special
                 writing surface. Unlike many OCR techniques, the method
                 described is dynamic. That is, instead of a post facto
                 analysis of a complete input pattern --- e.g., in terms
                 of loops, corners, and height --- the character
                 recognition is based on real-time detection and
                 analysis of the sequence of writing directions taken by
                 the pen.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "character recognition; computer systems, digital ---
                 on line operation; pattern recognition systems",
}

@Article{Adkins:1977:CST,
  author =       "Gerald W. Adkins and Udo W. Pooch",
  title =        "Computer simulation: a tutorial",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "12--17",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The purpose of this survey is to familiarize the
                 reader with the more basic aspects of simulation and to
                 provide a vehicle for further investigation of the
                 literature. Questions such as what is simulation, why
                 this methodology can be useful, where it has been
                 applied, advantages and disadvantages, the methodology
                 of simulation, and the usefulness and selection
                 considerations for a simulation language are
                 addressed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer simulation",
}

@Article{Jayakumar:1977:SME,
  author =       "M. S. Jayakumar and Thomas M. {McCalla, Jr.}",
  title =        "Simulation of microprocessor emulation using
                 {GASP-PL/I}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "20--26",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "NASA-sponsored work on avionics system design has
                 motivated work in the simulation of microprocessor
                 systems. In particular, an effort was undertaken to
                 simulate an Intel 3000 chip set, which was in turn
                 emulating a PDP-8/A. The concept of a microprogrammed
                 emulation, the problems encountered in the specific
                 emulation, the reasons for the choice of simulation
                 language used, and the major aspects of the simulation
                 itself are described in this article.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "652; 715; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "avionics --- computer applications; computer
                 architecture --- microprogramming; computer programming
                 languages --- PL/1; computers, microprocessor; GASP",
}

@Article{Braun:1977:PDE,
  author =       "Ludwig Braun and Stanley M. Finkelstein and William B.
                 Blesser",
  title =        "Pulmonary diffusion --- a model study",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "28--36",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A pulmonary diffusion simulation is described which
                 has been used to investigate the effects of various
                 parameters on system performance. Of particular
                 interest is the effect of exercise activity levels on
                 the profile of oxygen partial pressure along the
                 pulmonary capillary bed, and the arterial oxygen
                 concentration for subjects with normal hemoglobin
                 concentration as oxygen-diffusing capacity becomes
                 increasingly more impaired. The discussion illustrates
                 the use of a problem-oriented language, ISL, in a
                 PDP-8.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering --- computer aided diagnosis;
                 computer simulation",
}

@Article{Chattergy:1977:IDV,
  author =       "Rahul Chattergy and Udo W. Pooch",
  title =        "Integrated design and verification of simulation
                 programs",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "40--45",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This article demonstrates how top-down and modular
                 design, coding, and testing of a simulation program
                 integrate the design and verification activities into
                 one. This is a natural approach for simulation programs
                 since the conceptual model is usually derived in a
                 top-down, modular manner. It enhances error detection
                 and simplifies problems of verification. It creates
                 several levels of documentation of varying details. The
                 top-down testing schemes provide a nucleus for building
                 the data collection module.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming; computer simulation",
}

@Article{Schneidewing:1977:USE,
  author =       "N. F. Schneidewing",
  title =        "Use of simulation in the evaluation of software",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "47--53",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper attempts to show how simulation can be used
                 both to evaluate alternatives during software design
                 and to simulate the detection of errors during testing.
                 A convenient way of describing program structure and
                 simulating the detection of errors is to represent the
                 program in a directed graph. Arcs are the segments of a
                 program between branch and merge points. The length of
                 an arc is equal to the number of source statements in
                 the segment. A path is a series of connected arcs that
                 begins at a start node and terminates at a terminal
                 node. Structural characteristics correspond to program
                 characteristics. For example, numbers of nodes, arcs,
                 paths and source statements correspond to branching and
                 merging, arithmetic and data transfer operations,
                 execution sequences, and size.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming --- reliability; computer
                 simulation",
}

@Article{Russo:1977:ICM,
  author =       "Paul M. Russo",
  title =        "Interprocessor communication for multi-microcomputer
                 systems",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "67--76",
  month =        apr,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "This paper briefly describes several useful
                 multimicrocomputer structures and then details the
                 architectural features of a general-purpose
                 inter-processor interface for the RCA COSMAC CPU. The
                 flexibility of this interface, which has been built and
                 tested, will permit the development of multi-COSMAC
                 systems for a multitude of applications. Finally, the
                 question of when multimicrocomputer architectures
                 become effective is briefly addressed.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computers --- data
                 communication systems; computers, microprocessor",
}

@Article{Bulman:1977:SCI,
  author =       "D. M. Bulman",
  title =        "Stack computers: an introduction",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "18--28",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The stack, or last-in first-out store, has become more
                 familiar recently. The stack derives its name from the
                 idea that items are placed on the ``top'', thus
                 ``pushing down'' those items already on the stack.
                 Items are removed from the top, ``popping up'' those
                 items remaining on the stack. This article discusses
                 subroutine control and linkage, and the evaluation of
                 arithmetic and logical expressions in stack machines. A
                 comparison is made with general register machines, in
                 such areas as code compaction. Some specific machines
                 are described, including the Burroughs B5500,
                 Hewlett-Packard HP3000, Burroughs B6700, and Data
                 General Eclipse.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer programming ---
                 subroutines; computers, digital; stack computers",
}

@Article{Blake:1977:ESA,
  author =       "Russell P. Blake",
  title =        "Exploring a stack architecture",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "30--39",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The HP3000 Series II computer system was introduced in
                 1976. Since then Hewlett-Packard has undertaken a large
                 number of measurements relating to various aspects of
                 system performance. Some of these shed considerable
                 light on the behavior of its stack in a
                 multiprogramming environment. This article discusses
                 the process address space, the procedure call,
                 instruction frequency measurements, and the stack
                 hardware.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer architecture; computer systems programming
                 --- multiprogramming; computer systems, digital ---
                 measurements; stack computers",
}

@Article{Couch:1977:SSE,
  author =       "John Couch and Terry Hamm",
  title =        "Semantic structures for efficient code generation on a
                 stack machine",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "42--48",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Since the expression is the fundamental building block
                 of any programming language, its evaluation is an
                 integral part of program compilation and execution. In
                 particular, the evaluation techniques and data
                 structures are determined by the class of expressions
                 acceptable by the language. This paper serves as a
                 framework for expression evaluation on a stack machine
                 by presenting a set of optimized algorithms and
                 internal data structures developed during the
                 implementation of several compilers for the
                 Hewlett-Packard computer systems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer operating systems; computer programming ---
                 subroutines; data processing --- data structures; stack
                 computers",
}

@Article{Schoenfeld:1977:MBL,
  author =       "Robert L. Schoenfeld and William A. Kocsis and Norman
                 Milkman and Gordon Silverman",
  title =        "Microprocessor in the biological laboratory",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "56--67",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "The use of microprocessors in the biological
                 laboratory is a logical result of the evolution of
                 computer use in the biomedical sciences. Applications
                 in biochemistry, physiology, and psychology are
                 discussed. Data collection and control peripherals for
                 laboratory computers are described. The many varieties
                 of microprocessor instruments are illustrated by an
                 activity detection system, a
                 histogram-integrator-averager, a visual stimulator, and
                 a stimulator for electrophysiological experiments. The
                 prospect for future biological microcomputers is
                 investigated.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 462; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering; computers, microprocessor ---
                 applications",
}

@Article{Poppendieck:1977:MET,
  author =       "Mary Poppendieck and Edouard J. Desautela",
  title =        "Memory extension techniques for minicomputers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "5",
  pages =        "68--75",
  month =        may,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "Instead of departing from the traditional instruction
                 set design, minicomputer manufacturers are using either
                 bank switching or memory mapping to extend the physical
                 size of memory. Bank switching is the more primitive
                 approach, involving an action by the program in order
                 to switch banks. It is likely to be faster and less
                 complex than memory mapping, and may be the method of
                 choice for dedicated, real-time use. Memory mapping is
                 more complex than bank switching, and provides the kind
                 of context switching and memory protection needed for
                 timesharing.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "bank switching; computers, miniature; data storage,
                 digital; memory mapping",
}

@Article{Su:1977:CHD,
  author =       "S. Y. H. Su",
  key =          "Su",
  title =        "Computer Hardware Descriptive Languages and Their
                 Applications: An Introduction and Prognosis",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "10--13",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Nov 14 20:49:14 1985",
  bibsource =    "Misc/arch.bib",
}

@Article{Lipovski:1977:HDL,
  author =       "G. Jack Lipovski",
  title =        "Hardware description languages: Voices from the {Tower
                 of Babel}",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "14--17",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 12 07:20:54 MST 1996",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database",
  abstract =     "A hardware description language can be used to
                 describe the logic gates, the sequential machines, and
                 the functional modules, along with their
                 interconnection and their control, in a digital system.
                 Specifically, what is more commonly referred to as a
                 hardware description language is a variation of
                 programming language tuned to the overall needs of
                 describing hardware. This article discusses the
                 rationale for using such languages in the first place,
                 identifies the problems attendant upon their
                 proliferation, and describes the measures being taken
                 to achieve a solution.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "721; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer programming languages; computer systems,
                 digital; hardware description languages",
}

@Article{Stewart:1977:LCL,
  author =       "James H. Stewart",
  title =        "{LOGAL}: {A CHDL} for logic design and synthesis of
                 computers",
  journal =      j-COMPUTER,
  volume =       "10",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "18--26",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1977",
  CODEN =        "CPTRB4",
  ISSN =         "0018-9162",
  bibdate =      "Sat Feb 01 12:51:14 1997",
  bibsource =    "Compendex database; Misc/arch.bib",
  abstract =     "The article describes a system consisting of a
                 hardware description language called LOGAL (logic
                 algorithm language) and a software package called LADS
                 (logic algorithm design system) which has been
                 developed in order to optimize a variety of
                 requirements which a logic designer must meet. The
                 LOGAL language provides a level of design description
                 that is useful for designing and describing logic. The
                 LADS system provides a LOGAL simulation capability that
                 is easy to use and assures the functional accuracy of
                 the design. LADS also provides a synthesis capability
                 that absolutely assures the logic implementation
                 accuracy of the design. The system as a whole provides
                 rapid top-down design iterations by providing designer
                 feedback information readily and early in the design
                 cycle.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "721; 722; 723",
  journalabr =   "Computer",
  keywords =     "computer hardware description languages; computer
                 programming languages; computer systems, digital ---
                 design; LADS; LOGAL; logic algorithm design system;
                 lo