@document(language impress, pagecollation on, pagereversal on, prerasterization off, jamresistance on)T0,11~xp``@ @ 00BTE-'11p00  8xg,EX2011?~>0? @~> ?`~ >@?@ 0~ >@??XD3+11x|>>>|xDV2021||~>>   @@||>>?I11VIr?|||8i 00v#!|80  @@@xx|<<cDrive?8<<|xxx|<< 0erF+$11``    .Fa! p8<<>>>><|>>x>|^>m84?`x<<?l22?y#!-|80  @@@xx|<<p p00@SamilyS%32 `x`<8xpp``` |~??xxxxxxpt,,@@@@@  @xu%!0?p0s00p`00~??<<80`StatusN% ""p   x | <           x < >    `` e 8xppx 8 @l ##s0x`?< 0o 8ppppxxxxxxxppx8n`ppppppppppppppppp9NelsonH% ""??.ppF ""@@`       ``    H.F.B#"">b##a`08<<8p ` A?HBeebeC#$#800ppp0<0<0|xxxx|<<  @@8Cent>rScien ##p 8xx0x888888888888888888ti cm*'`Ⴠr<<888888888888888pa`p8<<<8pA?upppppppppppppppxg!p<<<<8`0@`0`08fComputingD%""xx|<<<>>>>>>>>><<|xxa8< <<xpx<#Ӊ DepartmentofM-(""   xxx<!<!<!AAppp ?h##`pppppppppppppppppMathematics2!!  @@ 0`   `0@?0"! 88pppppppx88 ܉C2205SouthP!""<<Phyx0  @@tt888 @@C<ysicsd## 8xppx8  qBuildingU% #"p                       @@@`0vx0  @@tt888:}University%of\UtahSaltL""?k##8TLakeCit y,pt @",T#""xx`@@@ ?UT8"!  ```px>??0```````@`04!!.NN  @1!!84112A% ## xx < < <@@@ >ΉUSA1,T:ppppPel:( 2% @ 000p``````p000 @ ) 2%@    @(801)5"!p@@  -  581-5254E!""@@`       ``    00pI""!EMAIL:Beeb@&##p@   0 0@`@AA@@` 0 1xpLe@Science.1Utah.Edu(InOternet)ɉSecondnEdition,*01J#"p@ 8pkJuly9"! 8pppp8 0xxp 01989"''~51))&!LJ???In&&pppp8888888p>>"?~?????tro&!**??????????&!???;?????????++???5duction p`@@@@    | << 0p@0?8`5This? 0p``p0 70p``p0do 0x0xp0``p0 0 $!~8 00 p``p0 |cumen  <  1t0px8x08p`@@@`<@0N 0xx0p8`8@p@@A< 8pp8Ksummarizes'thekstatus  of thePT<  <gE> `@x}=#!Ax|<?~X <pD0x x <@<@<@ VI<@drivFer <@@f<rfamily| ``distribution.59Itadescribes ??s thecurrenUttversionsofAdoncumentation\andsoft?<    hpp0 w ```p @ are; s what|op 8888888 000``01erating  `p @systems,ccompilers,(andyoutputdevicesaresupp*orted; s2 howto&obtainthedistributionfrom p3Utahandsev#eraluothersources; s theDVI>electronicnewsletter,and s w?  @px8<orkin2progress.0p`|? s +Sincethe0informalannouncementof%thiszsoftware"atYthe ? 00 p ``p0 '0 x xp 00 0 ```px >?0~````0   00 pp`0 ``p00  01986 T" 4E9 +XjUsers!a8xxppxx8 `5 ]GroupmeetingVatTuftsUnivOersityandthe\formalannouncementin&the###AAAx|<<> oApril@@ `@5 1987TUGb oat,Zdemandhaspxject,andUpmeriodically3returningtothe[source5/atgUtah,orone[ofthe#!?<<ocialUredistributionZckhannels, shouldberewarding."''?||???~<????>|x?525-))??Do<5?ǃ~???????????????????? ?~?????cumuen!???????????????tati"on 5DokcumentationZfortheTEX>D]VIdriverfamiloywaslast2upadated0 ??? #$0(0 `@@ 8p15 Aprilz19875Eforx<<xxxxxxxxx8<  tRevision2.07;itisnow)sligh|tlyout-of-date,andwill:bRerupdatedforTrelease0  xxx80`0p@ 05v3.0.ItconsistsMof s alarge-man|ualentitledA88xx88<  @ ^AT0 `@@8888ppppTE<8`8@8@8@p@p@p @p @@ xEX`p p`8@8<XD<8888pppppp8pDV? @@  @I<8888pppp VIr<<&FG8888p0i &GG88qqqrr<v'GG8 @e  8pp``` 0ODriverF<8888ppp p @@Fa< <8808p8p8ppppabd<8m"<&cFG8888p 0 l 8888pppph8y'GG888888pppG<amily gcontained'in[source lesd???<xx|??vir?@e<xppx<.pp*qππqdvidriver.* intendedforpeople_whoareinstallingthefamiNly}ona-newoperatingsystem,?orqaddingsuppNortforanewGdevice;itneedYnotbe_readby2pJeoplewho just^usethedriv6ers; s aUNIX9manualpage, le,1sl{dvi.1l ; s aVAX&VMShelp le,mÀ>|8dvi.vms ; sX aGNU,and|TOPS-203Emacsinfo le,ax<0~>?n~<2x?<x<Xdviman2 ; s aGNU/EmacsT̉EXinfoU le,tx?<<?f??o<xppx<dviman2.texinfo ,usedhtoproducexpppp?|<<<xx;ersions 5 .Theversionhistoryofthefamilxyisgiven1inbT}able1.Startingwith2.10.12,an5 `editnumber%willwbeappendedrtothema.jorpandminor?vTersionnumb7ers;edit5 nKumber12re ects12edits%appliedsince2.10(.00)wasreleased.Major=vRersions5 willappear at;longintervals.JMinorversionsawillappear6ev]eryfewmonG0x`|0 ????1@Jersion8?xx8p```? xx`<8xxxxx8<2.10<xxxx<?x|<>>>>>><|x?Aincorp>>><|x ><xxxx<orated^a(%~1@??ma&xx||||||||||||||||||p||xpjor"00p``y}=??rewriteof?|>ppp|>?ppp888888pp``` pppppppppppppppppp?p8@?x|? >>6p7pwpsps8c88 pdvialwand %>?xxp`pp<?|<|dvijep xz0@Y,1@uthetwomostp opular`xx0:drivers,to p>makremuch?px<<>>>>>><<xp?b  -et-teruse:ofothelimit%ed`xx00pp``s>cmemoryon]thelaserprinvters,and:topermit7arbitrarynum]byersand?<0?0>`|``>~|sizesoffonts.% 00000000000000000000`AUsers880<<<<xxxxppxrunni4ng&olderv-ersionsareurgedtoupdate~to2.10orXlater."''>~~~~~8~p~~~~~~~~~8~p~~546/))Host4+))????????????????????&!'AOp"(||?|?~?~?8<<>??~|~?erating&))`?~~|??$!'pp??8|<|x?Systembsand2)))???????<??**Compilers 5 TheoperatingJsystemssupp=ortedaregiv,eneinTable2.JThedrivers.willport5;tojalmostanyCotherUNIX.systemnotlistedxinthetable_withrelativ4elywlittle5me ort.Table2:COp{eratingsystemssupported.;:L2·T=OperatingSystem-Compiler(s)ʼnL2·;N:2·TpGouldUNIX<pppp<-ccʼn2·:2 TSunUNIX-cc Q,8888888;88?p|?kgccʼn2·:2 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<THewlett-P ac0kDardUNIX-ccʼn2·: 2 T PCDOS-MicrosoftC3, <<\ 0 @@4,n5clʼn 2·: G2 T 8TOPS-20ANSICmacro_SxxTDC<xxppxx<X__STDC__ toGb_e0instead1ofa1.8<<xx<<xBorland2TMurboC5 1.5wisde nitelyn<<&FFG8@8@88@88p0o  8 0pp80``1t 8@8@8@8Unot usablefor^theDVIdrivGersbecause ofOcompletelyerroneous I3 5n oating-point3co[degeneration.hTurboC2.0Gresolvesthe oating-pointproblems,5andinNovem6bNer,1988,IdevUelopedwork-aroundsforsevUeralnewbugsainthe5compilerand.theulibrary.x sForprograms{thathave;nox oating-p'oin^t~code,I ha8vMeqfoundTurbBohC1.555quiteusable;)itScompilesab)out t5{7times0fasterthantheLMicrosoftC25.0ucom-5gpiler.Version72.0yremainsasFfast,butexaminationoftheOassemblyco'de^gener-5atedforthestringprimitivesMshowsthat,(whenoptimizatiNonisselectedIinxboth5compilers,theBMicrosoftC'compilerpro ducessubstantiallyubetterobjectocode.5Inlthelarge!memorymodelErequiredfor/the{DVIdriv!ers,rtheinner,loNopsforc<x ppx>h~~<( !<8xppppppx8<) !||5/strchr() and?strrchr() ha;vPeo11instructionseachwith@T[urboC2.0(whenthe-O?xx?5`-O loptionisc%hosen,and5anda7respectiv!elycwithMicrosoftvC5.0with>-Oailt .sgcc isthe-GNUProject-CYcompiler,whic`hgeneratesT&T3B1,wInte-gratedSolutions,Sony+(< ' ' '@C@C@C@yzzzz>|<<<<<<CNEWS,NeXT), s1 MotorolaO88000(inprogress), s NationalFSemiconductor_32xxx(Sequenft,Encore,'NSkGenix), s SunSPAR\C(Sun4 and^Solbourne),=and s& VAX(UNIXandVMS).5vThatisaremarkbablerecord4surpassedonlyGb]ypcc ,butthatuwasnever0aDvXailable5forsdiversesystemsfromoneCsetofmaster:sources.gcc  isIalsof %p p`88888pppppxfree .OnAtheSun53,ditproduces?cogdeabout#!0`p8`'80p` p 0A   8808p8`8888  10%tmorecompact,and10%?fasterthanthe^native5 Suncc compiler^atSunOS$3.x;rSuncc pro1ducesbetter oating-pointcoDdezthan5 >gcc |atSunOSG4.0.gcc is theSstandardC,compilerontheUNeXTworkstation.s oDuetoco+deegeneration4errors,neitherISuncc nor"gcc lcompiletheRdrivers5 correctlyon&thesSun386i)underUNIX;/under386iDOS,~theMicrosoftand5 Borlandcompilersproduce*wGorkingdrivers.s Version3.0GispexpectedtoMaddsupport6forttheoperatingssystems in;TVable3.5 7Thesearenot9inhthe2.10distribution,but>once3.0developmenthasstabilized,5 ipre-releasesfromsthedevelopmentdirectoriesrmaybemadeqavailableb1ySsp{ecial5 arrangemen t&on_tapeorforx|<  @.ANONYMOUSUFTP;IBM$PCk oppydistributions5 willnotbeo ered.Contact:theauthorforGdetailsandcurrentstatus. I4 uTable3:Newwoperating1systemssupp!orted.-2·VendorOperating|System2·-(2·AcornArchimedes(2·Z2·KIBMVM/CMSZ2·2·|In(telRMX2·2·PrimePrimos2·-"'' ? ??~x?x?<5e5OutputDevicesSupp$orted 5Devicessupp$ortedbytheT2EIXyDVIdriverQfamilyatversion2.10are;givqenin5TPable4.The  'dvitppx888 80pp``@gype programQiswnotstrictlyIpartofthedistribution;it"shouldbe5#aWstandardpart_ofeveryT,E*#XXdistribution.KSimilarly,therenareprogramsjdvitty 5Uand<xppx<dvidoc whicRhuattempttoDdisplayDVI( leszonASCII1prinztersandterminals;5theyareincludedinthetap?ebandANONYMOUSFTPEdistributions,Fbutare5not~members.of]thefamily.9Table14:dSupported.outputdevices.zpy2·ProgramOutput~Device2·zy2dvialw PostScript(Apple>LaserWriter)2·y2||dvibit Version3.10BBN>BitGraphterminal2·ykd*dvica2 CanonoLBP-8A27laserprinter#(fastexperimen>tal\version)kdy2<dvican CanonnLBP-8A24laserprinter2·y2dvidla DECOLA50144  `p88p` /72dpiandLA75V144dpiprin,ters2·y2d ?0?888xdvieps Epsong9-pinfami!lyM60/72and240/216dpimatrix#prin4ter2dyd2"?Udviimp Imagen}imPRESS-la`nguagelaserLprinterfami'lyd2·y2dvijep Hewlett-Packardxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxpxxxx@!%LaserJetPlus2·y2dvijet Hewlett-Packard%LaserJet2·y288p@@<x<`8<dvil3p DECRLN03Plus laserprinter2·y ,2 dvimac AppledImagewriterL72and144 dpigprinter ,2·y ]2 Ndvimpi MPIJSprinter72"dpiiprinter ]2·y 2 dvioki  ?  @/'Gx<<OKIDYAuTAPacemarkz241072anda144dpiprinTYable5. I5 5TPable5:New7devicedrivers=sc^heduledfor9futurerelease.KNamesaresubWjectto5cFhangebefore: nalrelease.&2·׉ProgramOutput:DeviceB&2·(d׉Kdviadx AnadexBSilentScribe;72vand144dpiddotmatrix|printerBd2׉dviap3o Apollo,screendisplay6previewerB2·2׉dvicon IBMR#TN6150and6155`consolepreviewyerB2·!2׉dvidsk Hewlett-P\ackardDeskJet300dpiinkYjetprinterB!2·S2?|>xpp|>?׉Ddvielq Epson %?8<8xxppxx8<  \x ? ` 0`8?? LQd24-pinfami0lyZ180dpidot,matrixprinterBS2·2׉udviep2 Epson!9-pinfamily120/216dpidot+matrixprinterB2·2 |?׉dvifuj Fujitsu2DL240024-pinK180dpidot(matrixprinterB2·2׉dvigp Phillipspppppx581-4801.A,telephonenum8bPerandstreetFaddress53shouldbepro+videdtofacilitatewresolution6ofequestions,%andvdeliveryb'yJexpress5efreightcompanies(whocannotwdeliverto3pKostalboxes).GTbelephoneorderswill5bMemacceptedonlysinunusual=circumstances.sNine-trackrequest.5PrepaymentinDcUhecksdrawn:onoaUSbank,;oriinternational[psostalmoneyRorders,5iscpreferredb0ecauseitreduces}paperwork.hPurchaseorderswillb e0accepted5%whenprepaymengtisnotpossible;aninvoicebwillaccompaneytheshipmenet.sWFastershipmentbyUPS,DDHL,FederalFExpressorAirbdorneExpressYispos-5siblebyspecialRarrangemen&t,pـp<Nprd< <8808p8p8ppppabd<8sovidedu'GG888889Yoursta hx88888p8p8pppq2`has>thetimetohandjlethe5orZder .ItcarriesfasurchargeEequaltothe/approximate freightcharges;Dprepaid5orgcollectshipmentsshould0bHehused.sWetryto: llyorderswithin}onetotw.oSwpeeksofreceipt,butitsometimes5Ptakoeslonger b8ecauseofour;lo]calresponsibilities,orbecauseanorderDispmiss-5ing~informati'on,pliketape"formatanddensitmy,thatwe>needbefore$itRcanbe5completed.sDistributionsoareavailablAe`fromthe folloYwingother(c9hannels;allowHupto25 monthsafter,releaseofnew;vPersionsforthesetobeavailable.Allof)theseare5 IvJolunteers, and^havefull-timJelcommitmen@tspelsewhere.DTheyareup*datedby5 {net}distributionawherepossible,butitstillMtakesthem$somee ortfor=themto5 incorporatetheXcihangesin#theirlocaldistributionmechanism. Peter AbbYott 7AstonUnivmersity iComputinguServices AstonT1riangle BirminghamB47ET I7 nEnglandEmail:A8||\8x8xp|p<`<bx8 8p%Abbo<<8p`px<<t  P% ?s s8p`ss? 989pp`pppppp99 u 8888888888888x?8k|xp8<. a ?p``@ppp>pppppp>pc8 p`pp8s ?p`?pppn p88888888888888mv<<888888888888i pppppppppppppppppl r g8x8pp8p8p8p88p8p?wpp???ppx@~p8p8?pppxx888888ppppp8?8xhottP%uk.ac.aston.mail%uk.ac.rlj.gb@nss.cs.uclJ.Tac.uk orEmail:%P;Abb~ott@nss.cs.uAcl.fac.uk 5[onlynetJretrieval]MassimoICalvaniDepartmenftofAstronomfy%Universit@ydofPadovaVVicolodell'Osservatorio35122P-adomvaItalyEmail:C0<<xxxx<<0vpp888880pp `xpx8<8pp0 88pf px88p%Calvani%vaxfpd8pp`p8<>e%kddlab!srava.sra.junet!cooke@uunet.uu.net [onlynetJretrieval] Richard9J.gKinch HKinchComputerCo. y501S MeadowSt Ithaca,(NYt14850 Email:%-unknown-  [onlyIBMcPC oppies] Mark Kosten LaTrob#eCUniversity I8 nBundoora,hVictoriaAustraliaEmail:%"munna88pp8p8008pp8`p8p88pz p8xpri!latvax8.lat.oz.au!ccmk"@uunet.uu.net [netretrievcalandtap e@distribution]Joachim?LammarschUniv ````ersitBattHeidelbergRechenzenXtrum-ImNeuenheimerF/eldr293%Heidelb&ergl6900WWestGermanyEmail:$;8sc?8<8sp?98`00p88`???ppp<8x??>~~~~857-'))pppx888<8xElectronic6/))?À??2/~~8?8?x?<???Newsletter 5EAanetworkmailOinglistismaiEn[tainedforthe^issuanceof.newsletters;there{were5v285subscribers\on29Ma y31989.Requests^foradditionGor|deletionshouldbe5senmttotheauthoratthe addressonthe# rstzpageof this]document.0Userson5an`ynetworkreacghablefrom7the~Internetcangbeincluded;PthatincludesHatyleast5 Arpanet,CSnet,eMILnet,NSFnet,andSP#ANk(mainlyUS),^Bitnet(US,7Canada,5 >andEurope),0NetNorth(Canada),EARNnetm(Europe),(JUNET(Japan),iJanet5 o(Britain),Usenet(worldwide),{andnationalxuniversity=netsinAustraliaand5 New|p``@@@@<|x0 < <`xZealand.>Aktotalof193newsletterissueslhavesofar=appeared.BacCkfissues5 arezincluded inPallDVIdistributionsas theR les00mail.* U.s RegrettablyF,_localstangRandfunding:dosnotpermitDp\ostalmailingsdofthe5 7newsletter;if-thereisademandforit,andDsubscribersare`willingtopaCyfforit,5 iit^couldbearrangedinthe*future.s Thereisa4smallerrelatedKelectroniclistIforbetatestingjofapowerfulaLl a  T E X5 editingmode4infGNUEmacs;ithiswill probablybecomeUpartofthe-standard I9 5nGNUEmacs)distributionin@1989.Itcon#tainsmanyusefulvfunctions,7andrec-5ognizesevery :macrointhe7LBa UTlEX'  <<< @User's8GuideandR<8888ppppp`pppppp@@xyR$efergenceM%%>....'N.NNNNN8888p p p@p@ Manual M.uSend5requestsforadditiontotheClisttothe authoratthesameaddressasPforthe5newsletter. The^codeisalso4includedintheLVfAXVMSdistributiontap6eseinthe55 le[ 5???8888888;??<0`p~>pppp<] ppppppppppppppppppppppppppw[.emacs-18-52.lisp]latex-mode.el 3."''?~?>>??????~?~||~??58+$))?pppFuture{DirectiMons"?5NB:$11a`~~? Anythinggdiscussed4inithissection`issubject1toipossiblysubstan-5Ktialchanges. s}Sourcerelease~ofthe3.06devtelopmen t&isOstillmanymon_thso in theSfuture;5cFhangesarestill\frequent,andVavprematurew[ouldmake"managementofCthedevelopmen^tzbeyond m,yNlimited5resources.Ev6erytimeIha0vEeiattempted7tonpredictwhenpapieceof8softyware5EwRouldbecomplete,Ihave'b?eenwrong,soIIhshallnotattempttoset.anYy~date5vforttheversionI3.0release.sHereisa!summaryofnew[featuresin(theo3.0development: s Fordeviceszwhichrequirepagebitmaps,thebitmapsareconstructedin5stripswithtmultiplepassesthrough;thecomma ndsWforthecurrenWtzpagegintheD6VIs le.The amountofmemorytobeusedYforabitmapNstripissettoa5defaultvalue,:butthevalue;masybechangedqbyacomm=and-lineoption.-Thisremoves%thejneedtolim4itYtheprintableMpagesizethatOexistedinearlierLvaersionson#smallmachines,Nparticularly/thewIBMPC. sP FilesearcJhspathsare0supportedfor9allvsupported=opjeratingsystems.AseparateAsearchpath,V8 IN~?ggww777PU,DVIINPUTS , is4proovidedforstartup les,P+ostScriptheader$ les,and les-requiredby\ pp88pp88{ } \special{} commands.It defaultstothesameLv`alueasEX?<8TEXINPUTS ,sonormally,itneed;notbespeci ed. s8 Font le;namesareconstructedfrom7aWformatthat4malybesetat0run-timejintheFM: ;;;;;;999998888888FONTFMT environmentvariable,DandthatvariablecanspecifyRseveralname formats.Thisgeneralizes,and8replaces,theL@&FONTLIST variable|usedinearlierLvaersions. s  AnewfonPtj leencoding,aGroup4FAX,jimplemented\bryMichael*FBerguson RandcolleaguesatINRSJTeelecommunicati~onsinMonCtr<8pbceal,hasb eenUadded. Thisis#evJenmorecompactthanK<x8PK 'format,and willVbnereferred'toYas4|<8xFX4  format.:Ajutilityfor*congv|ertingfromG><xxp??pxx<>[GF orPK formatstoFX4 'formatis provided. s ;\special{} strings of9arbitrarylengthharesupported.Although8theT DE ;X minputbu ersizetypicallylimitsinputzstringsto=abjout500 characters, macro-generatedstrings]canbelarger. I10 sn NULcharactersin\special{} stringsgaresupported.InC,suc$hJc[harac-tersterminatestrings-bCyedefault,so,extraprocessing]isnecessarypppp<stdlib.h ,stddef.h L,bandu~?~unixlib.h u,andseveral]stringutilitiescstr*.c ,suppRorttheillusion,of[anANSIen/vironmenton/pre-ANSICsystems. s DependencylistsinmakSe lesareno"wKgeneratedautomatically by@a`UNIXIscript, x|<<8p~><<~wx<<>xp$ 91qqaaqqq;;;>>.ggǀÀx<<<88ppp<x<xx|<x|8p`x?|FIXMAKEFILES >,Xwhichuses+aPscript, xmf *,Eplusnawk (using lesk~~<x{include*.awk ),andsed T.tThisgreatly_facilitatesmakie leupdatingnwhenthesourceo lesareoftenchanging,Eandensures4thatdependencQiesarealways!correct. s1 HandlingToffontmagni cationshasJbbeenrevisedBbXyelimination_ofthec oating-pKointg<<888<<;88?x|?mag_table[] arrayfrom^gblvars.h $,8anditsreplacementbyaninteger[table,stdmag[] },instdmag.h q.That le3isZautomaticall>y^gener-atedby0genmag.c .TheQcontentsof"stdmag[] can(b@e`replacedat4compile-time,or6atfrun-time,b1ySde nitionsofGtheenvironmen^tyvariableAFONTMAGS .*Revised8co`deinopenfont.h willno1w^ ndtheclosestmatching9magni -\cationwhenfontsubstitutioniscalledqfor;previouslyw,themag_table[] mechanismqrequiredanLexactmatch,Amakingitawkw`ardtosupp0ortsmag-ni cationSfamiliesthatGwderenotalreadyrepresentedcinthemag_table[] array. sE Environmenxtvariable0handlingand,naminghas b!eenkstandardized`acrossvallop eratingsystems,Kandthenamesvarenowsetfinthepreproacessormacros,5ENV_xxx ,inmachdefs.h . sZ<xp<xpR ppFASTZERO Tandz?ppp<x<xzerom() ChanvebeenelimiUnatedinfav$orRof}animplem:enbtation -oftheANSIlibrary routine,memset() W,owhererequired. s  Paperdimensionsno0longerare xedcinthedvixxx.c  les.Instead,a general,sizesIcould( nd{ispresent5inepaper.dat +,Bandthe Gmorepopularonesha.vCefb~eenextractedandstoredYasinitializing_vsalues yforstdform[] ingblvars.h .gensiz.c canbeusedctogeneratealuesofgoptions2thatareused=regularly,withouthaving"toYspecifythemUonthecommand[line.ItalsoCmakesitpossibletogetaroundoperatingQsystemlimitationsioncommandZlineargumenBts,xandenvironmentvariableJsyntax.Thereasonmforhaving+t:wWowinitializatione lesisthat3somethings,likJefpaper/types,can_bwede ned$forballdrivers"inQone le,dvi.ini .Thedvixxx.ini ` lecan+thenprovidemoXdi cationsspEeci ctoone,outputdevice. s Private4andlibraryfunctionsthat4arevoid are8noxlongert yp9ecastas(void) 3whencalled;0somecompilers](e.g.LatticecConIBMtMyp{eint ,andHreturnEXIT_SUCCESS orEXIT_FAILURE . s texidx.c Xhasbeen xeditocorrectlyHhandleout-of-coresorting. s\q?|?xx|????qsort() Eandqsort.c B(usedintexidx M)nhasbeen renamedshsort() andshsort.c L,bavvoidingcon ictswithlibraryfunctions8ofethesamename,andmoreprop[erlydescribingxtheunderlyingalgorithmU(shellsort,insteadofquicksort).qShellsortisFstable,whereashquicksortisEnot,andastablesort#isrequirediforcorrect3orderingofindexvsub elds. sv Memory@allocationandPfreeingisno,wXhandledin&thenDVIdriverAcoidebyxalloc.c L,cwhichcontains{functions-xmalloc() , xcalloc() ,xmemused() ,xrealloc() x,andxfree() .These-prohvidework-aroundsforsome~de - ciencies3indexistingmalloc() /free() Qimplementations,additionally|keep >arecord9offmemoryutilitization,and=proxvidefor debugtracing of:memory ousage.Thenx*alloc() recoveryisp)ossibleinsuchDaicase,malloc() can stillbe&called. s X Anew preprocessorsymYbqol,DVI ,is0de nedatcompiletime;it isKusedin afewroutinesthatareXseparately compiled,and2needtokno w;whether theyare?bWeingusedin>theDVIdriv(ers,torinotherDcolde. I12 sn Anewpreprocessor symTblol,TEST ,is=usedinsome1 lestobracketGbuilt-intestcodeVwithamain() vfunction.6ThisavoidshaGvingtocarryNaroundasecondR lethatservCes{asatest5program.filarg.c ,paper.c j,andxalloc.c Xcurrently useRthisfacilit y. sW WhenaAfonytsubstitutionismade,3aZBoolean ag,]substitute 9,Visnowsetintheyy{?<cfont_entry Pstructure. InYprtpage.h ,=whenthat ag`isset,setchar() tiscalledinsteadofsetstr() ,sothatPsinglecharactersaresetata@time,rather2thanstrings"ofVcgharacters.:Thiswillimpro[vpethepositioningrofsubstitutedzcharacters. sq TennewLdevicedriversZhavebeen$added:dviadx %,Ddvidsk ,dvielq 2,Rdviep2 ,dvigp ,dvihl8 ,dviibm ,1dvilzr ,dvisun ,:anddviupc ..Onedriver,dvigd p,hasbeendeleted.ThedrivOersa}}a8xpdvi*72 haAvVezbeendroppKed;theycanFb^epro-ducedb(yHcompilingtheHcorrespondingPhigh-resolutioniv~ersionswithH`HIRES 8unde ned.kThischangeUreducesthe1amountofco!deYtobemain!taiQned;injmostcases,uuserswill*preferthehigherfresolution%v:ersionanywa$y7,Nsothatisthedefault. s DocumenGtation lesha:vOelbeenupdated,xandanew9 le,/ 88pp88ppdoc/dvistatwus.-!ltx (whoseoutputy#ouaarenowreading),willb)eNkceptup-to-dateasaRrecordofKthecurrent#statusoftheD3VInfamily. s Thede nitionofPIXROUND() ingendef.h has(b@eencorrected;Zitwaswrongforcnegative arguments,and=wZouldresult4injone-dotpositioning errors. s\ Support>fortheIBM+VM/CMSoperatingsystem6hasbeenadded,nusingtheW aterlosoCcompiler.vSincethe'c8haractersetisBEBCDIC,ratherzthanASCII,(thisxentaileda4redesignofho.wYcjharacter stringoutput is2handled.Theoutputv lescreatedWalwayscontainkASCIItext,Kso|thismeansIthatall#textcharacters,but notUbinarydata,?mbustgothroughwEBCDIC(toYASCIIUtranslation.ThishasFb^eendoneinNsuchawa y5asntoavoidanFyoextraoverheadKonanative%ASCIIhost.Thehnon-ASCII:supportalso(servoesonPrimePrimos,which'usesanASCII:cKharacterset0biasedby128. s  Referencesjtotheprepro]cessorsym b8olswFIRSTPXLCHAhR andLASTPXLCHAR  >everywherewexceptin.charpxl.h ,gendefs.h ,andBreadpxl.h haAvVexbeen oreplacedFb\yFIRSTFONTCHAR and LASTFONTCHAR ,/whichcorrectly^re ect therangeX0m...255;PXL Pformatfonts@remainrestrictedbytheir'designto 0...127. s & Alluses:ofjCtypefloat qhavebeen4replacedbyt"ypPeqdouble .F-or`dvialw  Xinparticular,thistendsQtoensurethatZidenticalco'ordinatesaregenerated ondi eren[tzmachines,8atkleasttotheFprecisiontheyQareoutputin. I13 sn ThePostScriptheaderV le,dvialw.ps s,hasbeenKextensively&rewrittentoremo)v>e^deviceresolutiondependencek,andoperatorsthatcon ict|withtheAdobIekEncapsulatednPostScript;File(EPSF)*guidelines.Usesbofthebind op3eratorhavealsonbeenremo.vCed~inorder$to[makeitpossiblefor5\special{} codetorede neoperatorsiatprinttime.sIhavemade^substantial1progressinenhancingthesuppdortfor\special{} .5Thisworkis currentlybeing@donewithdvialw l,butinsuc9h]awaythat,itTwillbe5easytogeneralizeittoallotherdrivers.sThe rst!stepzneededin8thisdirection9isdtode nea6grammarfor*whatthe5N\special{} stringlookslik3e.kPreviously&,CmostDVI drivQershavede nedthis5synqtaxcompletelyadhoc  ,-withnothoughMtptorigorousLparsing,or'to_future5extensions.sMostof theSfollowingdescriptionisextractedfromtheacomments$inTdvialw .sThecontenedprovidedautomatically toYensure5 >correctoutput.s oLiteralPostScriptcode%froma leor"aEliteralstring4is_expected to?bWexwell-5 bMehaved,and7preferably,shouldconform.tocAdobe'sEPSFformatversion1.25 orelater,andtoPAdobe'sPostScriptDocumenat|StructuringXConventions,Mvbersion5 2.0yorlater.&ItUmaycontainEajshowpage ((whichisdisabledtemporarilyehere),5 7butitshould.notxcontain an5yXoftheoperatorsgivenin$T?able7.5 iIf`itdoes,erroneousoutput>isjvirtuallycertain.While0thesecommandslcould5 bMekdisabled lik7eSshowpage  is,@Adobe'sEPSFSguidelinesdoGnotrecommendidoing5 so. I14 Table7:&DeprecatedPostScriptoperators.2banddevicegrestoreallnulldevice0setpageparamsd2·&2·copypageinitclipquit0setsccbatchd&2·X2·Ierasepageinitgraphicsrenderbands0setscreendX2·2·{exitserverinitmatrixsetdevice0settransferd2·2·framedevicenotesetmatrixd2· scTheimported}PostScriptHshouldwrite8inZtoitsowndictionaryif it6needsto5de neobjects.FBecausedictionarysizesm!ustabyespeci ed:whentheyare>created,5itaisnotpossible{tode ne,aRstandardoneRinadvance'in[theBSB (\special{} 5bMegin)andSE ?(O\special{} 7end)macros#toVprotectfromGcorruptionofBthedic-5*tionary,TeXdict g,usedbydvialw .s\Thelanguagemkeyword shouldspecify" 8xxxxxxx88`0"PS" sor"PostScript" ;letter)case}does5notmatter.IfFanqyothernon-emptyvalue@iskfound,the5\special{} command5is]ignored,since_itpresumablyeappliestosomeotheroutputwdevice,andOcontrol5returnsimmediately.How%evLer,ifnolanguagekeyw ordYisgiven,w%eKassume5#PPostScript, and[continue.sUFilesspeci edbyinclude nandoverlay mkeywords&areosearchedfor^inthe5DVIINPUTS path.sInthecommoxncaseof-include"filename" ,theupp-  \er-left corner`ofthe5bMoundingbox7willbeplaced:atjthecurren!t>pVoint.The P(ostScript lem:ust|then5conrtain(usuallyenearthe start)}acommen6tRoftheform% 8||888ppp88:pppp5w%%BoundingBox:{llxlly*urxury 5sp]ecifyingthetouthepage&at]precisely theWcoordinates7itespeci es,wherethe5 pageorigin is6ingthelower-leftecorner, y'GG <`80`A>y increasingupw!ard, x@ @cxxwx increasing`tothe5 7righ|t.Any%%BoundingBox 3sp[eci cation!isLignored,sinceUitisnotrequiredfor5 ipMositioning."ThisoptionmighbtbeusedtoRprintano v erlabypage.ForNactions5 thataretobe:doneoneveryApage,such as;printingalogo,[orastring#likPenDraft 5 orC  `0<<xxxpp8 @ gCompany % 8888pppp8888ppppd8pCon dential ,itBiskmoreecienNtmtorede ne:showpage instead. I15 snIfthePostScript lecannotwbeopened,Horzthe\special{} commandestring5cannotberecognized,orforIrelativepositioning,the b%oundingboxcannotbe5determined,aAw^arningmessageisissued,andthe\special{} comm!andrisig-5nored.s5AnyliteraleZshowpage  ),/yDouzshouldjustIoutputSE folloRwoedby5yJourPostScript,nfollowedb&yLanotherSB ..Theintervening_PzostScript+will|then5#applytodvialw E'spprivatedictionary,TeXdict c.sUInordertoAsupportthingsUlikelandscap=e\mode,change^bars,andgreylshad-5ing,itisnecessarytohave2papverdimensions,theboundingboxsize,@andthe5currentpoint*a>vRailabletoinsertedPostScript`code.TheseCarestoredin+thenPost-5Scriptmacros3PaperHeight %,Wppp088889999PaperWidth ,(BoxHeight ,BoxWidth ,CurrentX v,andY5 CurrentY inthebouterlevel(dictionary,TeXdict .PaperHeight andPaperWidth 5 Narezsetonlyonce,atthebeginningofthe/job.TheotherGfourarerede nedbe-5 foreeachSB isJoutput.TheirVvjaluesareallRinstandard1PLostScriptunitseofbig5 pMoints,not pixels.Foranoverlay comm#and,}thesizeof@thebounding=bUoixwill5 bMemthepagesize.s TheoriginHcanbemov#ed]tothelower-leftpagecornerbytheP+ostScript5 Gsequence5 CurrentXnegPCurrentYnegktranslate  I16 5nThisisuseful:inlordertoobtainabsolute9pagepositioning,suchasforUazpage5logooverlay .sThesizeofQtheboundingXbpoxinbig)pAoinxtsissavedKinPostScriptMmacros5BoxWidth and@BoxHeight ."Theycanbeusedntoperform=geometrictransforma-55tionsontheincludedPostScript.Foroverlay"filename" k,theyare"setatothe5gpagesize.sHerearesomeexamples: %8|888|p8pp?;;;;8?85%D8<888888888888888888<isx88?plapx <|p|?y??88800ppsw~<\Displayac<xppx<tu??r?e<>g<{x<pppx<xppx<>include.pp}E"pict.eps" }5y%\Displaya pictureatitsForiginalbabsoluntepage position5\special{lang5uagpe"PostS cr4ipto",v8880pppoverlayE"pict.eps" }5%U\UseliteralGPostScript2tomdrawa1 ?G1inx8xppx8Eboxwith lower-leftcornerjat50%TÀÀÀÀX88xpppx8<<??' 0||< 8p\TeX'scurrentnpoint5^\special{lang5uagpe"PostS cr4ipto",щliteraln" newpath0p880pppp8888pn078xp2?x8p@<x<p-72translaote%m><8888888888move1originfromupper-leftto/lower-leftn00movetonB072rlinetonp720rlineton0-72rlineton-720rlineto closepath4x8888 888808p8888888 &4Gsetlinewid thk<xpx<?? Tstroke showpage"}5%\Displaya figureathalfzppp8p8pFsize5 \special{lang5uagpe"PostS cr4ipto",щ8literal5pppppppwx8pbarsprovedtoIbaeeasy5todimplement;:ISthoughtabout`howtodoit@oneevening,'wrotethecode9the}next5morning,and3haditworkingIalmostimm!ediately.Theessenvtialideais@tosrede-5! nethePostScriptshowpage Qop~eratorto+handlecompletionofanopenQcbhange5Rbar|atend-of-page,andprovidesforitscon$tinVuationon theQfollowingpage.mFrom5thezuser'spoin:tVofview,changesbarsmerelyPinrvolvebrac&k;etingthechangedtext5with\BeginChangeBar andD\EndChangeBar rmacros;noNrestrictions)whatever5arezplacedon5the|interveningTtext.sGreyshadingxprovedhardertodo,butWtheproblemFhasnowbeenRsolved.5LBecausePostScripthasan#opaquepaintingTmodel,itis/impwossibleto,dragwthe5}shadingafter+texthasbeen'set,qsincetheshadingwould'replacethetext.]Draw-5ing|theshading` rstwould4bLenmoreconv+enient,sinceitHcouldpermitBshading5togbehandled;likhechangebars,uand owautomatically!acrosspageboundaries.5Instead,itis"necessaryintheOTfE}Xcodeto8placethetext=tonbeshaded/in^abox,5Ethentocalculate|theboxdimensions,outputPostScriptWcodetodra+wZagrey5vbMoaxslightlylargerthanthat,XthenoutputAtheboxitself.SThetricky"part}isto5getzbothboxesNcorrectlyaligned.sIhavewrittenPostScriptRmacrosthatexamplethat1scalesa gure;ton tahalf-sizefpage:5 \special{langua}ge= =, 8|~~><|`"PS", literal="PageWidth2div/PageHeight2KdivRESIZE", include="spec8a.eps"} 5 7TheuseoftheKprede nedPageWidth and8PageHeight  v4aluesensures/thatthis5 iwillworkcorrectlyforany#papgersize.s dvialw.ps GalsocontainsAafmacrosx&sygSCALE toscaleaninput+ gureby5 factorssx andFsy fromitsnaturalsize. I18 snAtINRS/TJelecommunicatioxnsinMondealwiththe4factthat\special{} codeisDnotstandardized,and5eacmhdriver implementerhasGdoneitdi eren[tly,itmay+bCeddesirabletoGprovide5aZrun-timeregularexpressionbeditingcapabilityfor\special{} strings.|This5/wRouldaddtheFnot-insigni can[txcodeforregularexpressionlparsing, whic\hmay5`requireexcessivNepmemory.ItMwjould,howevBer,~makeitfairlystraightforw^ardto5propvidebuilt-inT(anduser-de nable)support[forsyntaxes:prouvidedbyotherDVI5driv}ers.Noco>dewtodothis:hasyetbeen0implemented,4anditwould,probably5bMepbetterinsteadtowrite%aKseparateDVI-to-DVI lterDtozdothejob.aWhile5(sucmhchanges/can}obviously6alsobedone*in]theoriginal=TU1El(Xmanuscript,DVI5Y leshavebecomeamediumNofdocumen"tationexchangeTontheInternet,and5willoftenbe"pro_cessedona6systemother+thantheonetheyzweregeneratedon.sMostof theTprecedingremarksseemtoHb`edependen*tJupyonPostScript,and5indeed,featuresdlikechange=barsupport%seemtoneed$themprogramm*abialityof5!PPostScript.WhataboutordinarygraphicsO les?Inthe`8080p8p8p8p8ppp`ac<Kenberg 8888880808xppp~g ,No.'2,SMai1989,pp.Y13{53.sWhilesimpleqpicturescan^bvedone(usuallylaboriously)withTEXBmacros,5TL#EcXmemory2limiytsputav,eryssevererestrictiononthe9complexity of=pictures5Lthatcanbehandled,andT1UEHLXxisalmost-completelylac2kingingraphicsiprim-5}itivres.Thus,6handlingofcomplexpictures^seemsdestinedtoberelegatedto5requestsina(\special{} string.sTheproblemiisthento#decideonaformatthatcan)bAeageneratedb4yWgraph-5icsspackages,-projducedby"translationfrom[psopulargraphics leformats~(e.g.5ETPektronixandDHPGL),and4writtenbyhandgforsimple'cases.svAfterlong8thought,my#inclinationisnotatoinventsomethingnew)here,but5insteadtoadoptvasubsetofQPlostScript.6Agsubsetisrequiredtosimpliafythe5parser.PostScriptisastacAk-basedextensiblelanguage,eandparsingRcannot5 bMemdonecorrectly~untilevery Qop~eratorcanEb]e~interpreted;`someoperatorstake5 >vIariablenum'b?ersofargumenWts,andthe xxxxxx >  graphicssystemDtoyproducesucPhwasubset,(and{have5 prorducedaw-orkingparser/forpthatsubsetNinabout220Glinesofcodetopwrite I19 5nthe|parserin)sucahawaythatXazvectorof&p>oinuterstofunctionscanbe0prokvided5bKymthecaller,-so_thatthesamefparsingcodeUcanbeused5bKynalltheD VIFdrivers,5withseparate8implementationsqoftheprimitiv{esfordi erenotdrivers.(Ho[wxever,5allkofthebitmapidevicedriv,ersjcoulduseessenutiallyiden*ticalcode,sinceOin}each55case,theprimiti[vpesmerely#haNvcetobeexpandedintodotsLin{abitmap)ofWknown5gresolution. I20