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Stacks

Stacks are declared as an "abstract" class. They are currently implemented in any of three ways.

VStack
implement fixed sized stacks via arrays.
XPStack
implement dynamically-sized stacks via XPlexes.
SLStack
implement dynamically-size stacks via linked lists.

All possess the same capabilities. They differ only in constructors. VStack constructors require a fixed maximum capacity argument. XPStack constructors optionally take a chunk size argument. SLStack constructors take no argument.

Assume the declaration of a base element x.

Stack s; or Stack s(int capacity)
declares a Stack.
s.empty()
returns true if stack s is empty.
s.full()
returns true if stack s is full. XPStacks and SLStacks never become full.
s.length()
returns the current number of elements in the stack.
s.push(x)
pushes x on stack s.
x = s.pop()
pops and returns the top of stack
s.top()
returns a reference to the top of stack.
s.del_top()
pops, but does not return the top of stack. When large items are held on the stack it is often a good idea to use top() to inspect and use the top of stack, followed by a del_top()
s.clear()
removes all elements from the stack.

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